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Network Layer: IP
COMS W6998
Spring 2010
Erich Nahum
Outline
IP Layer Architecture
Netfilter
Receive Path
Send Path
Forwarding (Routing) Path
Version IHL Codepoint
0
3 7
15 31
IP-packet format
Total length
Fragment-ID
D
F
M
F
Fragment-Offset
Time to Live Protocol Checksum
Source address
Destination address
Options and payload
Recall what IP Does
Encapsulate/
decapsulate
transport-layer
messages into IP
datagrams
Routes datagrams
to destination
Handle static
and/or dynamic
routing updates
Fragment/
reassemble
datagrams
Unreliably
ROUTING
ip_forward.c
ip_input.c
ip_rcv
Higher Layers
dev.c
netif_receive skb
ip_rcv_finish
ip_local_deliver
NF_INET_LOCAL_INPUT
ip_local_deliver_finish
ip_output.c
ip_finish_output2
dev.c
ip_output
ip_local_out
ip_queue_xmit
ip_finish_output
dev_queue_xmit
ARP
neigh_resolve_
output
IP Implementation Architecture
NF_INET_LOCAL_OUTPUT
NF_INET_POST_ROUTING
ip_forward
ip_forward_finish
NF_INET_FORWARD
Forwarding
Information Base
ip_route_input ip_route_output_flow
MULTICAST
ip_mr_input
NF_INET_PRE_ROUTING
1. Packets arrive on an interface and are
passed to the ip_rcv() function.
2. TCP/UDP packets are packed into an IP
packet and passed down to IP via
ip_queue_xmit().
3. The IP layer generates IP packets itself:
1. Multicast packets
2. Fragmentation of a large packet
3. ICMP/IGMP packets.
Sources of IP Packets
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