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1 Choosing an application name 2 Reading and understanding the iPhone Developer terms and conditions 3 Using third party services or materials in your app 4 Using push notifications or in-app purchasing 5 What are your terms and conditions? 6 Protecting your copyrights 7 Patents for apps?
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(617) 714-5386 Intellectual Property
Law and Strategy Counseling
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iPhone Developer Legal Guide
v. 2.0/Spring 2010
By Miguel Danielson, Esq.
The iPhone App Store has been a boon to many smaller software developers. With the right
idea, even a minimal development effort can result in significant marketplace success. And
because Apple handles all distribution and revenue collection for iPhone Apps, many developers
have quickly and easily found themselves managing a small software empire, along with many
of the accompanying legal issues and risks. This article will highlight some of the most common
intellectual property related legal issues that are of concern to iPhone developers. By ensuring
that each of these issues has been considered and, if necessary, handled in concert with skilled
legal counsel, an iPhone app developer will be well on the way to avoiding the most common
and costly legal mistakes.
Choosing an application name
Selecting an appropriate name for a new software product is always a challenge. While it may
seem attractive to choose a name that describes some aspect of the software, such names are
much less distinctive and therefore much less valuable and harder to protect as trademarks. This
is true because trademark law generally does not protect words or phrases that merely describe
the products they are used with -- the theory is that others in the industry should have a fair
chance to use such words to describe their own products. Choosing a unique name that is not
descriptive is job one in establishing your trademark rights.
Equally important as picking a distinctive and non-descriptive name is choosing a name that is
not similar to any other trademarks currently in use. Just how similar or dissimilar one
trademark may permissibly be in comparison to another trademark depends on numerous factors.
Most important among these factors are the similarity of the marks and the similarity of the
goods or services offered in connection with each mark. You should rethink your application’s
name if there is already a similarly named application in the App Store. Furthermore, a search
for potential trademark problems should not end at the App Store. The US Patent and
Trademark Office hosts a database of trademarks that are either registered or the subject of a
pending application (see Resources section, below), and of course Google or another search
engine can be a powerful tool for finding existing trademarks. For any application that you
intend to develop as something more than a casual hobby, the best approach is to seek legal help
in clearing a trademark. Experienced trademark attorneys can provide thorough searching
capabilities and will be able to tell you what the results of such searching mean in terms of your
legal risk profile.
(617) 714-5386 Intellectual Property
Law and Strategy Counseling
iPhone Developer Legal Guide – Page 2
Once you've decided on a good name for your app, you may consider registering your trademark
with the US Patent and Trademark Office. There are certain benefits that come along with a
registered trademark, but perhaps most important from a practical perspective is that you will put
others on notice of your trademark use and, hopefully, avoid potential conflicts before they start.
Registered trademark rights are also important tools in the event that you should have to secure a
domain name from a cybersquatter or deal with a Google Adwords issue, to name but a couple of
examples.
Reading and understanding the iPhone Developer terms and conditions
Anyone who wishes to develop iPhone applications must utilize the iPhone SDK and,
accordingly, agree to the terms of Apple's legal agreement governing such use. In particular,
Apple’s terms for using the SDK as well as for participating in the App Store and all other
services required to build apps, are contained in the iPhone Developer Program License
Agreement (the “Agreement”), last updated January 27, 2010. Because Apple itself controls
what is essentially the only legitimate distribution channel for iPhone apps, they have taken a
fairly heavy handed approach in what they allow and don't allow developers to do with the SDK.
It is particularly important to understand what the Agreement does and doesn't permit since
every iPhone app must be reviewed and approved by Apple for compliance before appearing in
the App Store. Non-compliance will mean significant delays or possibly outright denial in
getting an app to market.
This guide is not intended to provide an exhaustive look at the Agreement, but a few highlights
are described below for illustrative and educational purposes (please note that the 1/27/10
version of the Agreement is referenced for purposes of the issues below).
• Among the many requirements in Section 3 of the SDK Agreement, there are a number of
required notices that you must provide to your users if you make use of location data, use
the new real-time guidance functionality of OS 3.0, or collect data from your users. If
your app employs such features, be sure that you are familiar with these requirements.
• Many iPhone apps make use of one or another Google service, the most popular of which
is probably Google Maps. The Agreement obligates those who utilize Google Maps in
their application to follow the applicable terms and conditions published by Google
(http://code.google.com/apis/maps/terms/ iPhone.html). Among these terms, there are
many additional restrictions for apps including Google Maps functionality, all of which
should be carefully read and understood so as not to run afoul of them. One good piece
of news for app developers employing Google Maps is that the foregoing conditions,
which govern use of the Google Maps API provided in the iPhone SDK 3.0, are much
clearer regarding the permissibility of using Google Maps services in paid apps, as
compared to the standard Google Maps API terms that applied before 3.0 was rolled out.
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