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系统性能和产品质量要求的不断提高和成本效率的不断提高,技术过程的复杂性和自动化程度不断提高。这一发展需要更多的系统安全性和可靠性。今天,围绕自动系统设计的一个最关键的问题是系统的可靠性。提高系统可靠性和可靠性的传统方法是提高单个系统组件(如传感器、执行器、控制器或计算机)的质量、可靠性和鲁棒性。即使如此,也无法保证系统的无故障运行。因此,过程监控和故障诊断正成为现代自动控制系统的组成部分,并且通常由立法机构规定。自20世纪70年代初开始,基于模型的故障诊断技术得到了显著的发展。在工业过程和自动控制系统中的大量成功应用证明了其在动态系统故障检测中的有效性。如今,基于模型的故障诊断系统已完全集成到车辆控制系统、机器人、运输系统、电力系统、制造业公共关系中。
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Steven X. Ding
Model-Based
Fault Diagnosis
Techniques
Design Schemes, Algorithms and Tools
Second Edition
Prof. Dr. Steven X. Ding
Inst. Automatisierungstechnik und Komplexe
Systeme (AKS)
Universität Duisburg-Essen
Duisburg, Germany
ISSN 1430-9491 ISSN 2193-1577 (electronic)
Advances in Industrial Control
ISBN 978-1-4471-4798-5 ISBN 978-1-4471-4799-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4799-2
Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012955658
© Springer-Verlag London 2008, 2013
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection
with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of
this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the
Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.
Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations
are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of pub-
lication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any
errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect
to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To My Parents and Eve Limin
Series Editors’ Foreword
The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technol-
ogy transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology
has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers,
actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications,
new philosophies..., new challenges. Much of this development work resides in
industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative
projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended ex-
position of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid
dissemination.
When assessing the performance of a control system, it is easy to overlook the
fundamental question of whether the actual system configuration and set up has all
the features and hardware that will enable the process to be controlled per se. If the
system can be represented by a reasonable linear model, then the characteristics of
a process that create limitations to achieving various control performance require-
ments can be identified and listed. Such information can be used to produce guide-
lines that give a valuable insight as to what a system can or cannot achieve in terms
of performance. In control systems analysis textbooks, these important properties
are often given under terms such as “input–output controllability” and “dynamic
resilience”.
It is interesting to see similar questions arising in the study of fault detection
and isolation (FDI) systems. At a fundamental level, the first question is not one
of the performance of the fault detection and analysis system, but of whether the
underlying process has the structure and properties to allow faults to be detected,
isolated and identified. As with the analysis of the control case, if the system can
be represented by a linear model then definitions and conditions can be given as to
whether the system is generically fault detectable, fault isolatable and fault identifi-
able. Fault detectability is about whether a system fault would cause changes in the
system outputs independently of the type and size of the fault, fault isolatability is
a matter of whether the changes in the system output caused by different faults are
distinguishable (from for example, system output changes caused by the presence
of a disturbance) and finally fault identifiability is about whether the mapping from
vii
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