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OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning OpenGL, Versions 3.0 and 3.1 (7th Edition) Product Description OpenGL is a powerful software interface used to produce high-quality, computer-generated images and interactive applications using 2D and 3D objects, bitmaps, and color images. The OpenGL®Programming Guide, Seventh Edition, provides definitive and comprehensive information on OpenGL and the OpenGL Utility Library. The previous edition covered OpenGL through Version 2.1. This seventh edition of the best-selling “red book” describes the latest features of OpenGL Versions 3.0 and 3.1. You will find clear explanations of OpenGL functionality and many basic computer graphics techniques, such as building and rendering 3D models; interactively viewing objects from different perspective points; and using shading, lighting, and texturing effects for greater realism. In addition, this book provides in-depth coverage of advanced techniques, including texture mapping, antialiasing, fog and atmospheric effects, NURBS, image processing, and more. The text also explores other key topics such as enhancing performance, OpenGL extensions, and cross-platform techniques. This seventh edition has been updated to include the newest features of OpenGL Versions 3.0 and 3.1, including Using framebuffer objects for off-screen rendering and texture updates Examples of the various new buffer object types, including uniform-buffer objects, transform feedback buffers, and vertex array objects Using texture arrays to increase performance when using numerous textures Efficient rendering using primitive restart and conditional rendering Discussion of OpenGL’s deprecation mechanism and how to verify your programs for future versions of OpenGL This edition continues the discussion of the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) and explains the mechanics of using this language to create complex graphics effects and boost the computational power of OpenGL. The OpenGL Technical Library provides tutorial and reference books for OpenGL. The Library enables programmers to gain a practical understanding of OpenGL and shows them how to unlock its full potential. Originally developed by SGI, the Library continues to evolve under the auspices of the Khronos OpenGL ARB Working Group, an industry consortium responsible for guiding the evolution of OpenGL and related technologies.

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OpenGL

Programming Guide

Seventh Edition

The Official Guide to

Learning OpenGL

, Versions 3.0 and 3.1

Dave Shreiner

The Khronos OpenGL ARB Working Group

Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco

New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid

Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City

From the Library of STEPHEN EISEMAN

ptg

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are

claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was

aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or

in all capitals.

The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no

expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or

omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection

with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein.

The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Shreiner, Dave.

OpenGL programming guide : the official guide to learning OpenGL, versions 3.0 and 3.1

/ Dave Shreiner; the Khronos OpenGL ARB Working Group — 7th ed.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-321-55262-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. Computer graphics. 2. OpenGL. I. Title.

T385.O635 2009

006.6'6—dc22

2009018793

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding

permissions, write to:

Pearson Education, Inc.

Rights and Contracts Department

501 Boylston Street, Suite 900

Boston, MA 02116

Fax (617) 671-3447

ISBN 13: 978-0-321-55262-4

ISBN 10: 0-321-55262-8

Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Edwards Brothers in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

First printing, July 2009

From the Library of STEPHEN EISEMAN

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vii

Contents

Figures ................................................................................................xxi

Tables ................................................................................................xxv

Examples ..........................................................................................xxix

About This Guide ............................................................................. xxxv

What This Guide Contains............................................................... xxxv

What’s New in This Edition ..........................................................xxxviii

What You Should Know Before Reading This Guide............................xl

How to Obtain the Sample Code .........................................................xli

Errata....................................................................................................xlii

Style Conventions ...............................................................................xlii

Distinguishing Deprecated Features...................................................xliii

Acknowledgments .................................................................................xlv

1. Introduction to OpenGL............................................................................1

What Is OpenGL? ...................................................................................2

A Smidgen of OpenGL Code ..................................................................5

OpenGL Command Syntax.................................................................... 7

OpenGL as a State Machine ................................................................... 9

OpenGL Rendering Pipeline.................................................................10

Display Lists....................................................................................11

Evaluators ....................................................................................... 11

Per-Vertex Operations ....................................................................12

Primitive Assembly......................................................................... 12

From the Library of STEPHEN EISEMAN

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viii Contents

Pixel Operations............................................................................. 13

Texture Assembly........................................................................... 13

Rasterization................................................................................... 14

Fragment Operations ..................................................................... 14

OpenGL-Related Libraries .................................................................... 14

Include Files ................................................................................... 15

GLUT, the OpenGL Utility Toolkit................................................ 17

Animation ............................................................................................ 22

The Refresh That Pauses................................................................. 23

Motion = Redraw + Swap ............................................................... 24

OpenGL and Its Deprecation Mechanism ........................................... 27

OpenGL Contexts .......................................................................... 27

Accessing OpenGL Functions ........................................................ 29

2. State Management and Drawing Geometric Objects .......................... 31

A Drawing Survival Kit......................................................................... 34

Clearing the Window .................................................................... 34

Specifying a Color.......................................................................... 37

Forcing Completion of Drawing.................................................... 38

Coordinate System Survival Kit ..................................................... 40

Describing Points, Lines, and Polygons............................................... 42

What Are Points, Lines, and Polygons?......................................... 42

Specifying Vertices ......................................................................... 46

OpenGL Geometric Drawing Primitives........................................ 47

Basic State Management ...................................................................... 53

Displaying Points, Lines, and Polygons............................................... 55

Point Details................................................................................... 55

Line Details .................................................................................... 56

Polygon Details .............................................................................. 60

Normal Vectors .................................................................................... 68

Vertex Arrays ........................................................................................ 70

Step 1: Enabling Arrays .................................................................. 72

Step 2: Specifying Data for the Arrays ........................................... 73

Step 3: Dereferencing and Rendering ............................................ 77

Restarting Primitives ...................................................................... 83

Instanced Drawing......................................................................... 86

Interleaved Arrays .......................................................................... 88

From the Library of STEPHEN EISEMAN

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Contents ix

Buffer Objects .......................................................................................91

Creating Buffer Objects ..................................................................92

Making a Buffer Object Active .......................................................93

Allocating and Initializing Buffer Objects with Data.....................93

Updating Data Values in Buffer Objects ........................................96

Copying Data Between Buffer Objects.........................................101

Cleaning Up Buffer Objects..........................................................102

Using Buffer Objects with Vertex-Array Data ..............................102

Vertex-Array Objects...........................................................................104

Attribute Groups.................................................................................110

Some Hints for Building Polygonal Models of Surfaces .....................113

An Example: Building an Icosahedron ........................................115

3. Viewing.................................................................................................. 123

Overview: The Camera Analogy.........................................................126

A Simple Example: Drawing a Cube ............................................129

General-Purpose Transformation Commands .............................134

Viewing and Modeling Transformations ...........................................137

Thinking about Transformations .................................................137

Modeling Transformations...........................................................140

Viewing Transformations.............................................................146

Projection Transformations................................................................152

Perspective Projection ..................................................................153

Orthographic Projection ..............................................................156

Viewing Volume Clipping............................................................158

Viewport Transformation ...................................................................158

Defining the Viewport .................................................................159

The Transformed Depth Coordinate............................................161

Troubleshooting Transformations......................................................162

Manipulating the Matrix Stacks .........................................................164

The Modelview Matrix Stack........................................................167

The Projection Matrix Stack.........................................................168

Additional Clipping Planes.................................................................168

Examples of Composing Several Transformations.............................172

Building a Solar System ................................................................172

Building an Articulated Robot Arm..............................................175

Reversing or Mimicking Transformations..........................................179

From the Library of STEPHEN EISEMAN

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zhudongjie

2013-10-08

有目录，很好的教材，谢谢分享。
zhngzhyng1

2012-08-02

very good. A must have book. looking forward to the 8 the edition.
yyz1989

2012-09-10

效果极佳，强烈推荐~~
千禧兔

2012-10-07

不错，字迹清晰，很有帮助
wxy524

2012-09-21

清晰，有目录，很好的教材，不过电子版没封面.....不算缺点就是了