CLUE-S软件，说明.zip

land use and its driving factors in combination with dynamic modelling of competition

between land use types. The model was developed for the national and continental level

and applications for Central America, Ecuador, China and Java, Indonesia are available.

For study areas with such a large extent the spatial resolution for analysis was coarse

and, as a result, each land use is represented by assigning the relative cover of each

land use type to the pixels.

Land use data for study areas with a relatively small spatial extent is often based on land

use maps or remote sensing images that denote land use types respectively by

homogeneous polygons or classified pixels. This results in only one dominant land use

dynamic simulation of competition and interactions between the spatial and temporal

dynamics of land use systems. More information on the development of the CLUE-S

model can be found in Verburg et al. (2002) and Verburg and Veldkamp (2003).

The more recent versions of the CLUE model: Dyna-CLUE (Verburg and Overmars,

2009) and CLUE-Scanner include new methodological advances.

The model is sub-divided into two distinct modules, namely a non-spatial demand

module and a spatially explicit allocation procedure (Figure 1). The non-spatial module

calculates the area change for all land use types at the aggregate level. Within the

taking place within the study area and the scenarios that need to be considered. The

results from the demand module need to specify, on a yearly basis, the area covered by

the different land use types, which is a direct input for the allocation module.

The allocation is based upon a combination of empirical, spatial analysis and dynamic

modelling. Figure 2 gives an overview of the information needed to run the CLUE-S

model. This information is subdivided into four categories that together create a set of

Spatial policies and land tenure can influence the pattern of land use change. Spatial

policies and restrictions mostly indicate areas where land use changes are restricted

through policies or tenure status. For the simulation maps that indicate the areas for

which the spatial policy is implemented must be supplied. Some spatial policies restrict

all land use change in a certain area, e.g., a log-ban within a forest reserve. Other land

use policies restrict a set of specific land use conversions, e.g., residential construction

in designated agricultural areas or permanent agriculture in the buffer zone of a nature

reserve. The conversions that are restricted by a certain spatial policy can be indicated

in a land use conversion matrix: for all possible land use conversions it is indicated if the

spatial policy applies.

types: conversion elasticities and land use transition sequences. The first parameter set,

the conversion elasticities, is related to the reversibility of land use change. Land use

types with high capital investment will not easily be converted in other uses as long as

there is sufficient demand. Examples are residential locations but also plantations with

permanent crops (e.g., fruit trees). Other land use types easily shift location when the

location becomes more suitable for other land use types. Arable land often makes place

for urban development while expansion of agricultural land occurs at the forest frontier.

An extreme example is shifting cultivation: for this land use system the same location is

mostly not used for periods exceeding two seasons as a consequence of nutrient

depletion of the soil. These differences in behaviour towards conversion can be

The second set of land use type characteristics that needs to be specified are the land

use type specific conversion settings and their temporal characteristics. These settings

are specified in a conversion matrix. This matrix defines:

To what other land use types the present land use type can be converted or not (Figure

3).

In which regions a specific conversion is allowed to occur and in which regions it is not

allowed.

How many years (or time steps) the land use type at a location should remain the same

before it can change into another land use type. This can be relevant in case of the re-

growth of forest. Open forest cannot change directly into closed forest. However, after a

It is important to note that only the minimum and maximum number of years before a

conversion can or should happen is indicated in the conversion table. The exact number

of years depends on the land use pressure and location specific conditions. The

simulation of these interactions combined with the constraints set in the conversion

matrix will determine the length of the period before a conversion occurs. Figure 4

provides an example of the use of a conversion matrix for a simplified situation with only

three land use types.