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应用程序架构指导包v2.0
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2008-10-29
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应用程序架构指导包由微软模式与实践团队负责编写,为基于.NET平台的应用程序设计提供了一些指导,现在v2.0 Beta版本已经发布,包括的内容有应用程序架构基础、设计、分层、设计模式等等,设计的应用程序类型有Mobile Application,Office Business Application (OBA),Rich Client Application ,Rich Internet Application (RIA),Web Application等
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Application Architecture
Guide 2.0
Designing Applications on the .NET Platform
BETA 1
1
Information in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, is
subject to change without notice. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies,
organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and
events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association with any real company,
organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is
intended or should be inferred. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the
responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this
document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of
Microsoft Corporation.
Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other
intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly
provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this
document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other
intellectual property.
2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, Windows NT, Windows Server, Active Directory,
MSDN, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual C#, Visual Studio, and Win32 are either
registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or
other countries.
The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of
their respective owners.
2
Application Architecture
Guide 2.0
patterns & practices
J.D. Meier
Alex Homer
David Hill
Jason Taylor
Prashant Bansode
Lonnie Wall
Rob Boucher Jr
Akshay Bogawat
3
Introduction
Overview
The purpose of the Application Architecture Guide 2.0 is to improve your effectiveness building
applications on the Microsoft platform. The primary audience is solution architects and
developer leads. The guide will provide design-level guidance for the architecture and design of
applications built on the .NET Platform. It focuses on the most common types of applications,
partitioning application functionality into layers, components, and services, and walks through
their key design characteristics.
The guidance is task-based and presented in parts that correspond major architecture and
design focus points. It's designed to be used as a reference or it can be read from beginning to
end:
• Part I, "Fundamentals," provides you with the fundamentals to understand architecture
design techniques and strategies.
• Part II, "Design,” provides overarching design guidelines and best practices that can be
applied to any application type or application layer, including how to design communication
and plan for services.
• Part III, "Layers,” provides architecture and design approach as well as best practices for
each layer, including presentation, business, service, and data access.
• Part IV, "Quality Attributes,” provides specific guidance on quality attributes such as
security, performance, etc.
• Part IV, "Archeytpes – Design and Patterns,” provides patterns and design frames for each
application type archetype, including service applications, web applications, rich client
applications, rich internet applications and mobile applications.
Why We Wrote This Guide
We wrote this guide to accomplish the following:
• To help you design more effective architectures on the .NET platform.
• To help you choose the right technologies
• To help you make more effective choices for key engineering decisions.
• To help you map appropriate strategies and patterns.
• To help you map relevant patterns & practices solution assets.
Scope
This guide provides principles, patterns, and practices for designing application architectures on
the .NET platform. It’s a principle-based approach. The overall scope of the guide is shown in
Figure 1.
4
Mobile
RIA
Rich Client
Service
App Types
Architecture Styles
Client Server
Component-Based
Layered
Architecture
Message Bus
Architecture Frame
MVC Architecture
N-Tier
Web Application
Object-Oriented
SOA
Scenarios
Quality Attributes
Requirements / Constraints
q Caching
q Communication
q Concurrency and Transactions
q Configuration Management
q Coupling and Cohesion
q Data Access
q Exception Management
q Layering
q Logging and Instrumentation
q State Management
q Structure
q Validation
q Workflow
N ...
N ...
The guidance is organized by application types, frames, layers, and quality attributes:
• Canonical Application Frame - describes at a meta-level, the tiers and layers that an
architect should consider. Each tier/layer will be described in terms of its focus, function,
capabilities, common design patterns and technologies.
• Application Types - canonical application archetypes are used to illustrate common
application types. Each archetype will be described in terms of the target scenarios,
technologies, patterns and infrastructure it contains. Each archetype will be mapped to the
canonical app frame. They are illustrative of common application types and not
comprehensive or definitive.
• Arch Frame - a common set of categories for hot spots for key engineering decisions.
• Quality Attributes - a set of qualities/abilities that shape your application architecture:
performance, security, scalability, manageability, deployment, communication, etc.
• Principles, patterns and practices - Using the frames as backdrops, the guide will overlay
relevant principles, patterns, and practices.
• Technologies and capabilities - a description/overview of the Microsoft custom application
development platform and its main technologies and capabilities.
Features of This Guide
• Framework for application architecture. The guide provides a framework that helps you
think about application architecture approach and best practices.
• Architecture Frame. The guide uses a frame to organize architecture and design into
categories the key decision points, where your choices heavily affect the success of your
application.
5
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