在英语语法中,被动语态是一种重要的表达方式,它用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。被动语态的构成是通过“be + 动词过去分词”来实现的,这样可以使焦点落在受事者身上。例如,在句子“A recorder is used in our English class every day.”中,“recorder”是动作的承受者,它被用来记录课堂内容。
在中考复习中,了解和掌握被动语态至关重要,因为它经常出现在各类语法测试和写作中。被动语态的时态变化多样,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、情态动词以及现在进行时和现在完成时的被动形式。例如:“A bank was robbed yesterday.” 是一般过去时的被动语态,而 “A talk will be given soon.” 展示了一般将来时的被动结构。
在构建被动语态时,我们需要遵循以下步骤:
1. 将主动语态中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语。
2. 主动语态的谓语动词改为“be + 过去分词”形式。
3. 保持时态和人称的一致性。
4. 当主动语态的动词带有双宾语时,被动语态中通常会添加适当的介词,如例句:“He bought me a new bike yesterday.” 变为被动语态:“I was bought a new bike yesterday.” 介词“to”被保留。
对于特定的句型转换,我们可以看到:
1. “Many people speak English.” 转换为 “English is spoken by many people.”
2. “He bought me a new bike yesterday.” 变为 “I was bought a new bike yesterday.”
3. “The boss made him do the heavy work in the old days.” 转为 “He was made to do the heavy work in the old days.”
4. “Tom must hand in the composition after class.” 成为 “The composition must be handed in after class.”
5. “The rain stopped.” 的被动形式是 “The rain was stopped.”(但此句通常用主动语态)
6. “The soup tastes delicious.” 在被动语态中保持不变,因为感官动词如“taste”、“smell”等不常用被动形式。
掌握这些规则和例子,学生可以更好地理解和运用被动语态,提高他们的语言表达能力。在中考中,理解并正确使用被动语态不仅能够展示语法功底,也能使表达更加准确和地道。因此,被动语态是英语学习者不容忽视的一个知识点。