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AT91系列微处理器复位电路应该注意的问题.pdf
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AT91系列微处理器复位电路应该注意的问题.pdf
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1
AT91 Reset Considerations
Introduction
The AT91 family offers the microprocessor designer a wide variety of architectural fea-
tures configurable to the user's specific application requirements. These
configurations are centered on a register-based core to which may be added on-chip,
powerful peripheral components including power management, USART, serial periph-
eral interface, ADC, DAC, real-time clock and 16-bit multifunctional timers.
The on-chip peripherals may themselves be individually configured to offer a wide
variety of functional alternatives. The large number of available options means that the
user must specify a number of system parameters by initializing control register con-
tents for the specific peripheral units. The number of registers to be initialized may be
considerable for a representative AT91-based system. The objective of this Application
Note is to help the user in the initial configuration of the system by describing the AT91
reset state.
AT91 ARM
®
Thumb
®
Microcontrollers
Application
Note
Rev. 2645A–ATARM–07/02
2
AT91 ARM Thumb
2645A–ATARM–07/02
Reset Sources Depending on the device, an AT91 microcontroller can have up to two external reset
inputs:
• NRST microcontroller reset pin
• NTRST JTAG/ICE reset pin, not available for the AT91x40 Family
Internal reset can also be generated by the watchdog and by software (EBI remap func-
tion allows dynamic reset vector). Refer to Table 1.
NRST is an active low-level input. It is asserted asynchronously but exit from the reset is
synchronized internally to the MCK. The signal presented on MCK must be active within
the specification for a minimum of 10 clock cycles up to the rising edge of NRST to
ensure correct operation.
The watchdog can be programmed to generate an internal reset. In this case, the reset
has the same effect as the NRST pin assertion, but the pins BMS and NTRI are not
sampled. Boot mode and tri-state mode are not updated. If the NRST pin is asserted
and the watchdog triggers the internal reset, the NRST pin has priority.
Input/Output
Considerations
After the reset, the peripheral I/Os are initialized as inputs to provide the user with maxi-
mum flexibility. It is recommended that in any application phase, the inputs to the AT91
microcontrollers be held at valid logic levels to minimize the power consumption.
System Reset Reset restores the default states of the user interface registers (defined in the user inter-
face of each peripheral), and forces the ARM7TDMI
™
to perform the next instruction
fetch from address zero. Except for the program counter, the ARM7TDMI registers do
not have defined reset states. When reset is active, the inputs of the AT91 microcontrol-
lers must be held at valid logic levels. The External Bus Interface (EBI) address lines
drive low during reset.
Tri-state Mode The AT91X40 series provides a tri-state mode that is used for debug purposes. This
enables the connection of an emulator probe to an application board without having to
desolder the device from the target board. In tri-state mode, all the output pin drivers of
the AT91X40 series microcontroller are disabled. To enter tri-state mode, the pin NTRI
must be held low during the last 10 clock cycles before the rising edge of NRST. For
normal operation, the pin NTRI must be held high during reset by a resistor of up to
400K Ohm.
Table 1. Reset Sources
Reset Origin Reset Cause Related Signals Effects
External
Power-up NRST and NTRST Power-on reset (cold reset)
ICE interface NTRST and/or
NRST
ICE reset and/or
microcontroller reset
Internal
Watchdog time out Internal NRST
signal or NWDOVF
Internal reset generation or
internal Interrupt generation or
external NRST activation via
NWDOVF
Software reset None Warm reset
3
AT91 ARM Thumb
2645A–ATARM–07/02
Boot Sequence The ARM reset vector is at address 0x0. After the NRST line is released, the
ARM7TDMI executes the instruction stored at this address. Thus this address must be
mapped to non volatile memory after the reset.
The input level on the BMS pin during the last 10 clock cycles before the rising edge of
the NRST selects the type of boot memory. The boot mode depends on the device and
whether the AT91 microcontrollers have on-chip ROM or extended SRAM. Refer to
Table 2. The user can select either an 8-bit or 16-bit external memory device connected
to NCS0 as the boot memory.
Remap Command The ARM vectors (Reset, Abort, Data Abort, Prefetch Abort, Undefined Instruction,
Interrupt, Fast Interrupt) are mapped from address 0x0 to address 0x20. Refer to Table
3. In order to allow these vectors to be redefined dynamically by the software, the AT91
microcontroller family uses a remap command that enables switching between the boot
memory and the internal SRAM bank addresses. The remap command is accessible via
the EBI user interface. The remap operation can be changed back only by an internal
reset or an NRST assertion.
Table 2. Boot Mode Select
BMS Product Boot Memory
1
AT91R40807, AT91FR4081 Internal 32-bit extended SRAM
AT91M40807 Internal 32-bit ROM
AT91M40800, AT91R40008,
AT91F40816, AT91FR40162,
AT91M63200, AT91M43300,
AT91M42800A, AT91M55800A
External 8-bit memory on NCS0
0 All AT91 devices External 16-bit memory on NCS0
Table 3. ARM Vector Address Mapping
Address Content
0x00000000 Reset
0x00000004 Undefined Instruction
0x00000008 Software Interrupt
0x0000000C Prefetch Abort
0x00000010 Data Abort
0x00000014 Reserved
0x00000018 IRQ
0x0000001C FIQ
4
AT91 ARM Thumb
2645A–ATARM–07/02
System Peripherals
External Bus Interface The EBI generates the signals that control the access to the external memory or periph-
eral devices. Depending on the device and the BMS pin level during the reset, the user
can select either an 8-bit or 16-bit external memory device connected to NCS0 as the
boot memory. In this case, EBI_CSR0 (Chip Select Register 0) is reset at the following
configuration for chip select 0:
• 8 wait states (WSE = 1, NWS = 7) for all AT91 devices except the AT91M42800A, 0
wait states (WSE = 0, NWS = 7) for the AT91M42800A.
• 8-bit or 16-bit data bus width, depending on BMS (refer to Table 1)
The EBI provides two alternative protocols for external memory read access: standard
and early read. Standard read protocol is the default protocol after reset.
EBI Configuration/Initialization Registers
Base Address: 0xFFE00000
Notes: 1. 8-bit boot (if BMS is detected high)
2. 16-bit boot (if BMS is detected low)
Table 4. External Bus Interface Registers
Offset Register Name Access Reset Value Product
0x00 Chip Select Register 0 EBI_CSR0 Read/Write 0x0000203E
(1)
All AT91 devices except
AT91M42800A
0x0000203D
(2)
All AT91devices except
AT91M42800A
0x000020E
(1)
AT91M42800A
0x000020D
(2)
AT91M42800A
0x04 Chip Select Register 1 EBI_CSR0 Read/Write 0x10000000 All AT91 devices
0x08 Chip Select Register 2 EBI_CSR0 Read/Write 0x20000000 All AT91 devices
0x0C Chip Select Register 3 EBI_CSR0 Read/Write 0x30000000 All AT91 devices
0x10 Chip Select Register 4 EBI_CSR0 Read/Write 0x40000000 All AT91 devices
0x14 Chip Select Register 5 EBI_CSR0 Read/Write 0x50000000 All AT91 devices
0x18 Chip Select Register 6 EBI_CSR0 Read/Write 0x60000000 All AT91 devices
0x1C Chip Select Register 7 EBI_CSR0 Read/Write 0x70000000 All AT91 devices
0x20 Remap Control Register EBI_RCR Write only - All AT91 devices
0x24 Memory Control Register EBI_MCR Read/Write 0 All AT91 devices
0x28 Reserved - - - AT91M42800A
0x2C Reserved - - - AT91M42800A
0x30 Abort Status Register EBI_ASR Read only 0 AT91M42800A
0x34 Address Abort Status Register EBI_AASR Read only 0 AT91M42800A
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