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SanDisk Secure Digital Card

Product Manual

Version 2.2

Document No. 80-13-00169

September 2004

SanDisk Corporation

Corporate Headquarters • 140 Caspian Court • Sunnyvale, CA 94089

Phone (408) 542-0500 • Fax (408) 542-0503

www.sandisk.com

SanDisk

Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications where in a failure

or malfunction of the product may directly threaten life or injury. Per SanDisk Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of SanDisk

products in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and indemnifies SanDisk against all damages. See “Limited

Warranty and Disclaimer of Liability.”

This document is for information use only and is subject to change without prior notice. SanDisk Corporation assumes no

responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the

furnishing, performance or use of this material. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in

a retrievable manner or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic,

mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written consent of an officer of SanDisk

Corporation.

SanDisk and the SanDisk logo are registered trademarks of SanDisk Corporation.

Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of

their respective companies.

SanDisk products are covered or licensed under one or more of the following U.S. Patent Nos. 5,070,032; 5,095,344; 5,168,465;

5,172,338; 5,198,380; 5,200,959; 5,268,318; 5,268,870; 5,272,669; 5,418,752; 5,602,987. Other U.S. and foreign patents

awarded and pending.

Lit. No. 80-13-00169 Rev. 2.2 06/2004 Printed in U.S.A.

Revision History

• Revision 1.0 dated 6/2001

−

initial release.

• Revision 1.1 dated 11/2001

−

minor editorial and technical changes.

• Revision 1.2 dated 6/2002

−

minor editorial and technical changes.

• Revision 1.3 dated 7/2002

−

minor editorial and technical changes.

• Revision 1.4 dated 11/2002—minor editorial change.

• Revision 1.5 dated 3/2003— changed power requirements in Section 2.3, Table 2.3; updated addresses in Appendix A;

adjusted footers and front matter.

• Revision 1.6 dated 8/2003—added 512- and 1024-Mb capacities; updated “Limited Warranty” appendix; added “Disclaimer

of Liability” appendix.

• Revision 1.7 dated 9/2003—minor revisions; added appnote as Appendix A.

• Revision 1.8 dated 11/2003—changed VDD read/write values in Section 2 and Table 3-10.

• Revision 1.9 dated 12/2003—changed VDD read/write values in Table 3-10.

• Revision 2.0 dated 1/2004—changed value in Section 2.4 and 1.5.10.6.

• Revision 2.1 dated 4/2004—added two extra part numbers.

• Revision 2.2 dated 9/2004—added capacities; updated w/SDA Spec 1.10.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to the SD Card ............................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1. Scope................................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.2. Product Models ................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.3. System Features................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.4. SD Card Standard.............................................................................................................................. 1-3

1.5. Functional Description ...................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.5.1. Flash Technology Independence............................................................................................. 1-4

1.5.2. Defect and Error Management................................................................................................ 1-4

1.5.3. Copyright Protection ............................................................................................................... 1-4

1.5.4. Endurance ............................................................................................................................... 1-5

1.5.5. Wear Leveling......................................................................................................................... 1-5

1.5.6. Using the Erase Command...................................................................................................... 1-5

1.5.7. Automatic Sleep Mode............................................................................................................ 1-5

1.5.8. Hot Insertion ........................................................................................................................... 1-5

1.5.9. SD Card—SD Bus Mode ........................................................................................................ 1-6

1.5.9.1. SD Card Standard Compliance .............................................................................. 1-6

1.5.9.2. Negotiating Operation Conditions ......................................................................... 1-6

1.5.9.3. Card Acquisition and Identification....................................................................... 1-6

1.5.9.4. Card Status............................................................................................................. 1-6

1.5.9.5. Memory Array Partitioning.................................................................................... 1-7

1.5.9.6. Read and Write Operations.................................................................................... 1-9

1.5.9.7. Data Transfer Rate................................................................................................. 1-10

1.5.9.8. Data Protection in the Flash Card .......................................................................... 1-10

1.5.9.9. Erase ...................................................................................................................... 1-10

1.5.9.10. Write Protection................................................................................................... 1-10

1.5.9.11. Copy Bit............................................................................................................... 1-10

1.5.9.12. The CSD Register ................................................................................................ 1-10

1.5.10. SD Card—SPI Mode............................................................................................................. 1-11

1.5.10.1. Negotiating Operating Conditions ....................................................................... 1-11

1.5.10.2. Card Acquisition and Identification..................................................................... 1-11

1.5.10.3. Card Status...........................................................................................................1-11

1.5.10.4. Memory Array Partitioning.................................................................................. 1-11

1.5.10.5. Read and Write Operations.................................................................................. 1-11

1.5.10.6. Data Transfer Rate............................................................................................... 1-11

1.5.10.7. Data Protection in the SD Card............................................................................ 1-11

1.5.10.8. Erase .................................................................................................................... 1-12

1.5.10.9. Write Protection................................................................................................... 1-12

1.5.10.10. Copyright Protection.......................................................................................... 1-12

2. Product Specifications ........................................................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1. System Environmental Specifications............................................................................................... 2-1

2.2. Reliability and Durability.................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.3. Typical Card Power Requirements.................................................................................................... 2-2

2.4. System Performance.......................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.5. System Reliability and Maintenance................................................................................................. 2-2

2.6. Physical Specifications...................................................................................................................... 2-3

3. SD Card Interface Description ........................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1. General Description of Pins and Registers........................................................................................ 3-1

3.1.1. Pin Assignments in SD Card Mode ........................................................................................ 3-1

Table of Contents

3.1.2. Pin Assignments in SPI Mode................................................................................................. 3-2

3.2. SD Bus Topology.............................................................................................................................. 3-3

3.2.1. Power Protection ..................................................................................................................... 3-5

3.3. SPI Bus Topology ............................................................................................................................. 3-5

3.3.1. Power Protection ..................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.4. Electrical Interface ............................................................................................................................ 3-6

3.4.1. Power-up ................................................................................................................................. 3-7

3.4.2. Bus Operating Conditions....................................................................................................... 3-8

3.4.3. Bus Signal Line Load.............................................................................................................. 3-8

3.4.4. Bus Signal Levels.................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.4.5. Bus Timing.............................................................................................................................. 3-10

3.5. SD Card Registers ............................................................................................................................. 3-11

3.5.1. Operating Conditions Register (OCR) .................................................................................... 3-11

3.5.2. Card Identification (CID) Register.......................................................................................... 3-12

3.5.3. CSD Register........................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.5.4. SCR Register........................................................................................................................... 3-19

3.5.5. Status Register......................................................................................................................... 3-20

3.5.6. SD Status................................................................................................................................. 3-23

3.5.7. RCA Register .......................................................................................................................... 3-23

3.5.8. SD Card Registers in SPI Mode.............................................................................................. 3-24

3.6. Data Interchange Format and Card Sizes.......................................................................................... 3-24

4. Secure Digital (SD) Card Protocol Description.................................................................................................. 4-1

4.1. SD Bus Protocol................................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.2. Protocol’s Functional Description..................................................................................................... 4-4

4.3. Card Identification Mode .................................................................................................................. 4-5

4.3.1. Reset........................................................................................................................................ 4-6

4.3.2. Operating Voltage Range Validation ...................................................................................... 4-7

4.3.3. Card Identification Process ..................................................................................................... 4-7

4.4. Data Transfer Mode .......................................................................................................................... 4-8

4.4.1. Wide Bus Selection/Deselection ............................................................................................. 4-10

4.4.2. Data Read Format ................................................................................................................... 4-10

4.4.3. Data Write Format .................................................................................................................. 4-11

4.4.4. Write Protect Management ..................................................................................................... 4-13

4.4.4.1. Mechanical Write Protect Switch .......................................................................... 4-13

4.4.4.2. Card’s Internal Write Protection (Optional) .......................................................... 4-13

4.4.5. Application Specific Commands............................................................................................. 4-13

4.5. Clock Control .................................................................................................................................... 4-14

4.6. Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRC)..................................................................................................... 4-15

4.7. Error Conditions................................................................................................................................ 4-17

4.7.1. CRC and Illegal Command ..................................................................................................... 4-17

4.7.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions .......................................................................... 4-17

4.8. Commands......................................................................................................................................... 4-17

4.8.1. Command Types ..................................................................................................................... 4-18

4.8.2. Command Format.................................................................................................................... 4-18

4.8.3. Command Classes ................................................................................................................... 4-18

4.8.4. Detailed Command Description .............................................................................................. 4-20

4.9. Card State Transition Table............................................................................................................... 4-25

4.10. Responses........................................................................................................................................ 4-26

4.11. Timings ........................................................................................................................................... 4-28

4.11.1. Command and Response ....................................................................................................... 4-28

4.11.2. Data Read.............................................................................................................................. 4-29

Table of Contents

4.11.3. Data Write............................................................................................................................. 4-30

4.11.4. Timing Values....................................................................................................................... 4-33

5. SPI Protocol Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1. SPI Bus Protocol ............................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1.1. Mode Selection ....................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1.2. Bus Transfer Protection .......................................................................................................... 5-2

5.1.3. Data Read................................................................................................................................ 5-2

5.1.4. Data Write............................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.1.5. Erase and Write Protect Management..................................................................................... 5-4

5.1.6. Read CID/CSD Registers........................................................................................................ 5-4

5.1.7. Reset Sequence ....................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.1.8. Clock Control.......................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.1.9. Error Conditions...................................................................................................................... 5-6

5.1.9.1. CRC and Illegal Commands .................................................................................. 5-6

5.1.9.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions ......................................................... 5-6

5.1.10. Memory Array Partitioning................................................................................................... 5-8

5.1.11. Card Lock/Unlock................................................................................................................. 5-8

5.1.12. Application Specific Commands...........................................................................................5-8

5.1.13. Copyright Protection Commands .......................................................................................... 5-8

5.2. SPI Command Set ............................................................................................................................. 5-8

5.2.1. Command Format.................................................................................................................... 5-8

5.2.2. Command Classes ................................................................................................................... 5-9

5.2.2.1. Detailed Command Description............................................................................. 5-9

5.2.3. Responses................................................................................................................................ 5-12

5.2.3.1. Format R1 ..............................................................................................................5-13

5.2.3.2. Format R1b ............................................................................................................ 5-13

5.2.3.3. Format R2 ..............................................................................................................5-13

5.2.3.4. Format R3 ..............................................................................................................5-14

5.2.3.5. Data Response ....................................................................................................... 5-15

5.2.4. Data Tokens ............................................................................................................................ 5-15

5.2.5. Data Error Token .................................................................................................................... 5-16

5.2.6. Clearing Status Bits................................................................................................................. 5-16

5.3. Card Registers ................................................................................................................................... 5-16

5.4. SPI Bus Timing Diagrams................................................................................................................. 5-16

5.4.1. Command/Response................................................................................................................ 5-17

5.4.2. Data Read................................................................................................................................ 5-18

5.4.3. Data Write............................................................................................................................... 5-18

5.4.4. Timing Values......................................................................................................................... 5-19

5.5. SPI Electrical Interface...................................................................................................................... 5-19

5.6. SPI Bus Operating Conditions .......................................................................................................... 5-19

5.7. Bus Timing........................................................................................................................................ 5-19

Appendix A. Application Note............................................................................................................................... A-1

Host Design Considerations: NAND MMC and SD-based Products

Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. A-1

Timing...................................................................................................................................................... A-1

Timing specifications ............................................................................................................................... A-1

Read access and program times................................................................................................................ A-1

Interface.................................................................................................................................................... A-2

Read/Write Mode Selection ..................................................................................................................... A-4

Power and Clock Control ......................................................................................................................... A-4

Initialization Algorithm............................................................................................................................ A-5

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