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White Paper
Inclusive Deployment of
Blockchain for Supply Chains
Part 2 – Trustworthy verification
of digital identities
April 2019
World Economic Forum
91-93 route de la Capite
CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva
Switzerland
Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212
Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744
Email: contact@weforum.org
www.weforum.org
© 2019 World Economic Forum. All rights
reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, including photocopying and recording, or
by any information storage and retrieval system.
This white paper has been published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,
insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a re-
sult of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum, but whose
results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its
Members, Partners or other stakeholders.
3
Inclusive Deployment of Blockchain for Supply Chains: Part 2 – Trustworthy verification of digital identities
Preface
Introduction
Trustworthy identity verification in
global supply chains
Why this is important: the digital
identity landscape
What is a digital identity?
Choosing between three archetypes
Centralized
Federated
Decentralized
How to determine the appropriate
archetype
Regulatory and legal considerations
Designing identity systems for future
supply chains
Identity system principles for future
supply chains
Proposed digital identity model for
future supply chains
Trust between governments
Trust between business and
governments
Trust between businesses
Next steps
Appendix 1: Workings of a
decentralized identity model
Verifiable credentials in
decentralized identities
Identifying a legal entity
Glossary
Contributors
Endnotes
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Contents
4 Inclusive Deployment of Blockchain for Supply Chains: Part 2 – Trustworthy verification of digital identities
5
Inclusive Deployment of Blockchain for Supply Chains: Part 2 – Trustworthy verification of digital identities
Preface
Supply chains are becoming increasingly digital. A central requirement of these digital business
networks is the ability to effectively make use of partners in a trustworthy way. As such, organizations
need a comprehensive system for the verification and management of digital business identities that is
both dynamic and trustworthy.
Despite recent improvements in digital identity verification systems, they need further development
to support the supply chains of the future. New demands on the digital identities of legal entities and
possibilities for supply-chain organizations will likely be ushered in by the Fourth Industrial Revolution –
with shifts enabled by the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, distributed
ledger technology. The pace of development is faster than ever before, and decision-makers need to
re-evaluate the systems they have in place to manage digital identities.
This paper advances two topics identified by the World Economic Forum:
1. This is the second white paper in a series and part of a broader project focused on the co-creation
of new tools and frameworks to shape the deployment of distributed ledger technology in supply
chains towards interoperability, integrity and inclusivity. The World Economic Forum’s Centre for
the Fourth Industrial Revolution is working with a multistakeholder group to produce a project that
includes:
– A series of white papers published in 2019. Collectively and individually, these papers will offer
insights into and explorations of specific considerations for decision-makers in harnessing
blockchain technology effectively.
– A concise, easy-to-use toolkit to be released at the end of 2019 covering important topics for
supply-chain decision-makers to consider for responsible blockchain deployment.
2. It contributes to the ongoing development of understanding about and the deployment of “good
digital identities” for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
As digital business interactions flow across borders in international supply chains, there will be many
cases in which parties do not know each other before they conduct business together. It is our hope
that the following overview of the opportunities, risks and some suggested next steps will stimulate
stakeholders to embark on a new and exciting action agenda to build digital identity systems that are
prepared for future supply chains.
Derek
O’Halloran,
Head, Future of
Digital Economy
and Society,
Member of
the Executive
Committee
Manju George,
Head of Platform
Services and
Public-Private
Cooperation
Nadia Hewett,
Project Lead,
Blockchain and
Distributed Ledger
Technology
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