3. Physical Image Reading
3.1 DUMP creation via JTAG
3.2 DUMP creation using Chip-Off
◦ 3.2.1 Protocol parameters
◦ 3.2.2 Bit error analysis (NAND direct access mode) and power adjustment for bit
error minimization
◦ 3.2.3 Bad columns analysis and removal
◦ 3.2.4 ECC detection
◦ 3.2.5 Physical images extraction (dump reading)
4. Virtual image Creation
4.1 Physical image structure analysis and description
4.2 Data transformations: Inversion and Scrambling (XOR) analysis
◦ 4.2.1 Inversion
◦ 4.2.2 Scrambling
◦ 4.2.3 Byte combination
◦ 4.2.4 Memory Modem
4.3 Data Organizations in NAND memory
◦ 4.3.1 Crystal Geometry Parameters
▪ 4.3.1.1 Blocks
▪ 4.3.1.2 Pages
▪ 4.3.1.3 Data Area
▪ 4.3.1.4 Spare Area
▪ 4.3.1.5 Logical Block Number
▪ 4.3.1.6 Logical Page Number
▪ 4.3.1.7 Block Header
▪ 4.3.1.8 ECC
▪ 4.3.1.9 Block Write Counter
4.4 Virtual page and block allocation analysis
◦ 4.4.1 Virtual Block Allocation
▪ 4.4.1.1Sequential
▪ 4.4.1.2 Parallel
▪ 4.4.1.3 Combined
▪ 4.4.1.4 Spare area analysis
4.5 Flash Translation Layer
◦ 4.5.1 Block Mapping
◦ 4.5.2 Other Functions
◦ 4.5.3 Translation table analysis and creation
◦ 4.5.4 Block sorting and filtering.
◦ 4.5.5 Analysis of LBN sequence integrity
NAND Flash Data Recovery Cookbook | Page - 4
