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G A M M A D E S I G N S O F T W A R E
Accessible Geostatistics for Everyday Science
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GS
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User’s Guide
Version 9
GS
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™
GeoStatistics for
the Environmental Sciences
Version 9
Gamma Design Software, LLC
Plainwell, Michigan 49080
269/585-6051 fax
www.gammadesign.com
Copyright
© Copyright 1989-2008 Gamma Design Software, LLC. All Rights Reserved
ISBN number 0-9707410-0-6
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not repre-
sent a commitment on the part of Gamma Design Software. The software described
is provided under a license agreement and may be used or copied only as specified
in the agreement. No part of this document may be reproduced in any manner
whatsoever without the express written permission of Gamma Design Software.
Gamma Design Software
P.O. Box 201
Plainwell, Michigan 49080
U.S.A.
Citation
The appropriate citation for this document is
Robertson, G.P. 2008. GS
+
: Geostatistics for the Environmental Sciences. Gamma
Design Software, Plainwell, Michigan USA.
Trademarks
Microsoft and Windows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corpo-
ration. Surfer is a registered trademark of Golden Software, Inc. ArcView and
Arc/Info are registered trademarks of ESRI, Inc. Other brands and their products
are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders and should be
noted as such. GS
+
is a trademark of Gamma Design Software.
April 2008
Table of Contents
i
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction
Overview ..............................................................................................1
System Requirements..........................................................................2
Installation and Activation.....................................................................2
Updates ..............................................................................................11
Licensing ............................................................................................12
Single-User License Agreement ........................................................12
Chapter 2
Getting Started
From Data to Maps: How to Proceed.................................................14
General Screen Layout ......................................................................14
Menus.................................................................................................15
User Preferences ...............................................................................22
Graph Settings ...................................................................................28
Printing, Copying, and Exporting Graphs...........................................34
Printing, Copying, and Exporting Worksheet Data.............................34
Using Older-Version GS
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Files...........................................................34
Chapter 3
Working with Data
The Data Worksheet Window ............................................................36
Column Assignments .........................................................................38
Covariate Values Warning..................................................................40
Missing Values ...................................................................................40
Data Filter Dialog................................................................................41
Duplicate Values ................................................................................42
Chapter 4
Importing Data from External Files
File Import Dialog ...............................................................................43
Importing Text Files............................................................................44
Text Input File Formats
GS
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.............................................................................................46
GeoEas.......................................................................................47
ArcView
®
XYZ.............................................................................48
Surfer
®
XYZ................................................................................49
Spreadsheet and Database Input Files..............................................50
Input File Formats (File Import Properties) ........................................51
Table of Contents
ii
Viewing Files (File View Window) ..................................................... 52
Appending Data to an Existing Worksheet (Data Append Dialog).... 52
Chapter 5
Summary Statistics
Z Variate Summary............................................................................ 53
Frequency Distributions
Frequency Distribution Histograms & Values............................ 55
Cumulative Frequency Distribution & Values............................ 57
Normal Probability Distribution & Values................................... 58
X,Y Coordinates Summary................................................................ 61
Coordinate Postings (Quantile Plots)
2-Dimensional Data ................................................................... 62
1-Dimensional Data ................................................................... 64
Defining Posting Intervals.......................................................... 65
Regression Analysis Tab................................................................... 66
Cross-Variate Regression Window............................................ 67
Regression Values..................................................................... 68
Chapter 6
Semivariance Analysis
Overview ................................................................................................... 68
The Autocorrelation Window ..................................................................... 70
Define Irregular Lag Class Intervals.................................................. 74
Variograms Window .......................................................................... 76
Semivariance Values Window........................................................... 77
Isotropic Variogram Models............................................................... 78
The Spherical Isotropic Model................................................... 81
The Exponential Isotropic Model ............................................... 82
The Linear Isotropic Model ........................................................ 83
The Gaussian Isotropic Model................................................... 84
Anisotropic Variogram Models .......................................................... 85
The Spherical Anisotropic Model............................................... 87
The Exponential Anisotropic Model........................................... 88
The Linear Anisotropic Model.................................................... 89
The Gaussian Anisotropic Model............................................... 89
Anisotropic Semivariance Surface (2-d Variogram Map).................. 91
Cross-Autocorrelation or Cross-Semivariance Analysis ................... 94
Chapter 7
Other Autocorrelation Measures
Standardized Variograms.................................................................. 94
Madograms........................................................................................ 96
