NFC Analog Specification
Technical Specification
NFC Forum
TM
ANALOG 1.0
NFCForum-TS-Analog-1.0
2014-11-03
RESTRICTIONS ON USE
This specification is copyright © 2012-2014 by the NFC Forum, and was made available pursuant to a
license agreement entered into between the recipient (Licensee) and NFC Forum, Inc. (Licensor) and may
be used only by Licensee, and in compliance with the terms of that license agreement (License). If you are
not the Licensee, you may read this Specification, but are not authorized to implement or make any other
use of this specification. However, you may obtain a copy of this Specification and implementation rights
at the following page of Licensor's website: http://www.nfc-forum.org/specs/spec_license
after entering
into and agreeing to such license terms as Licensor is then requiring. On the date that this specification was
downloaded by Licensee, the non-implementation terms of that license were as follows:
1. LICENSE GRANT.
Licensor hereby grants Licensee the right, without charge, to copy (for internal purposes only, except with
respect to the elements listed on Exhibit A) and share this Specification with Licensee's members,
employees and (to the extent related to Licensees’ use of this Specification) consultants. This license grant
does not include the right to sublicense, modify or create derivative works based upon any portion of the
Specification, except for the elements listed in Exhibit A.
2. NO WARRANTIES.
THE SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS AND
NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL LICENSOR, ITS
MEMBERS OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL,
INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH
THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE SPECIFICATION.
3. THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
Without limiting the generality of Section 2 above, LICENSOR ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY TO
COMPILE, CONFIRM, UPDATE OR MAKE PUBLIC ANY THIRD PARTY ASSERTIONS OF
PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS THAT MIGHT NOW OR IN THE
FUTURE BE INFRINGED BY AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPECIFICATION IN ITS CURRENT,
OR IN ANY FUTURE FORM. IF ANY SUCH RIGHTS ARE DESCRIBED ON THE SPECIFICATION,
LICENSOR TAKES NO POSITION AS TO THE VALIDITY OR INVALIDITY OF SUCH
ASSERTIONS, OR THAT ALL SUCH ASSERTIONS THAT HAVE OR MAY BE MADE ARE SO
LISTED.
4. TERMINATION OF LICENSE.
In the event of a breach of this Agreement by Licensee or any of its employees or members, Licensor shall
give Licensee written notice and an opportunity to cure. If the breach is not cured within thirty (30) days
after written notice, or if the breach is of a nature that cannot be cured, then Licensor may immediately or
thereafter terminate the licenses granted in this Agreement.
5. MISCELLANEOUS.
All notices required under this Agreement shall be in writing, and shall be deemed effective five days from
deposit in the mails. Notices and correspondence to the NFC Forum address as it appears below. This
Agreement shall be construed and interpreted under the internal laws of the United States and the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to its principles of conflict of law.
NFC Forum, Inc.
401 Edgewater Place, Suite 600
Wakefield, MA, USA 01880
Contents
NFC Analog Specification Page i
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Purpose .......................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Applicable Documents or References ........................................................................... 6
1.4 Administration ............................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Name and Logo Usage .................................................................................................. 8
1.6 Intellectual Property ...................................................................................................... 8
1.7 Special Word Usage ...................................................................................................... 9
1.8 Requirement Numbering ............................................................................................... 9
1.9 Notational Conventions ................................................................................................. 9
1.10 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ 9
1.11 Glossary ....................................................................................................................... 10
2 Overview ...................................................................................................... 15
2.1 NFC Forum Devices .................................................................................................... 15
2.2 NFC Forum Reference Equipment .............................................................................. 16
2.3 Positioning Convention ............................................................................................... 17
2.4 Operating Volume ....................................................................................................... 17
3 Principles (Informative) ............................................................................... 19
3.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 19
3.2 Configurations for Transmission and Reception ......................................................... 19
3.3 The Purpose of the NFC Forum Reference Equipment ............................................... 19
3.4 Using the Reference Equipment .................................................................................. 21
3.5 Functions Properly....................................................................................................... 21
3.6 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 22
4 Radio Frequency Power and Signal Interface ........................................... 23
4.1 Polling Device Requirements for Power Transfer from Polling Device to Listening
Device .......................................................................................................................... 23
4.2 Listening Device Requirements for Power Transfer from Polling Device to Listening
Device .......................................................................................................................... 24
4.3 Influence of the Listening Device on the Operating Field .......................................... 25
4.4 Polling Device Requirements for the Carrier Frequency f
C
........................................ 26
4.5 Listening Device Requirements for the Carrier Frequency f
C
..................................... 27
4.6 Listening Device Requirements for Power-On ........................................................... 27
4.7 Polling Device Requirements for Resetting Listening Devices .................................. 28
4.8 Listening Device Requirements for being Reset ......................................................... 29
4.9 Polling Device Requirements for RF Collision Avoidance ......................................... 30
5 Signal Interface Polling Device to Listening Device ................................. 32
5.1 Polling Device Requirements for Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device –
NFC-A ......................................................................................................................... 32
5.2 Listening Device Requirements for Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device –
NFC-A ......................................................................................................................... 35
5.3 Polling Device Requirements for Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device –
NFC-B ......................................................................................................................... 36
5.4 Listening Device Requirements for Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device –
NFC-B ......................................................................................................................... 38
Figures
NFC Analog Specification Page ii
5.5 Polling Device Requirements for Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device –
NFC-F .......................................................................................................................... 40
5.6 Listening Device Requirements for Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device –
NFC-F .......................................................................................................................... 42
6 Signal Interface Listening Device to Polling Device ................................. 44
6.1 Listening Device Requirements for Load Modulation Generic .................................. 45
6.2 Listening Device Requirements for Subcarrier Load Modulation NFC-A.................. 46
6.3 Listening Device Requirements for Subcarrier Load Modulation NFC-B .................. 47
6.4 Listening Device Requirements for Load Modulation NFC-F .................................... 48
6.5 Polling Device Requirements for Load Modulation Listening Device to Polling Device
..................................................................................................................................... 48
A. Exhibit A ....................................................................................................... 50
B. Appendix Values .......................................................................................... 51
B.1 Operating Volume ....................................................................................................... 51
B.2 RF Power and Signal Interface .................................................................................... 51
B.3 Set-up Values for NFC Forum Reference Equipment ................................................. 56
B.4 Calibration Procedure for NFC Forum Reference Pollers ........................................... 62
B.5 Calibration Procedure for NFC Forum Reference Listeners ....................................... 63
B.6 Nominal Settings for NFC Forum Reference Equipment............................................ 65
B.7 Orientation and Alignment of NFC Forum Reference Equipment .............................. 66
C. Design Information for NFC Forum Reference Equipment ...................... 67
C.1 NFC Forum - Reference Polling Device Poller-0 ....................................................... 67
C.2 NFC Forum - Reference Polling Device Poller-3 ....................................................... 68
C.3 NFC Forum - Reference Polling Device Poller-6 ....................................................... 69
C.4 NFC Forum - Reference Listening Device Listener-1 ................................................ 70
C.5 NFC Forum - Reference Listening Device Listener-3 ................................................ 71
C.6 NFC Forum - Reference Listening Device Listener-6 ................................................ 72
C.7 Mechanical Dimensions .............................................................................................. 73
C.8 PCB Construction ........................................................................................................ 80
D. 8-Shaped Coil ............................................................................................... 83
E. Information About Alternative Method for Measuring V
OV
levels for Use
During Large Ambient Temperature Variations ........................................ 84
E.1 New V
OV
Monitor Circuit Description ........................................................................ 84
E.2 Alternative V
OV
Measurement Procedure .................................................................... 86
F. Revision History .......................................................................................... 87
Figures
Figure 1: Polling Device and Listening Device Configuration ..................................................... 15
Figure 2: NFC Forum - Reference Polling Devices ...................................................................... 16
Figure 3: NFC Forum - Reference Listening Devices ................................................................... 17
Figure 4: Operating Volume .......................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5: NFC Forum Reference Equipment Generic Configuration ........................................... 21
Figures
NFC Analog Specification Page iii
Figure 6: Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device for NFC-A ......................................... 34
Figure 7: Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device for NFC-B ......................................... 38
Figure 8: Modulation Polling Device to Listening Device for NFC-F .......................................... 42
Figure 9: Load Modulation Listening Device to Polling Device .................................................. 44
Figure 10: Start of Subcarrier Modulation – NFC-A .................................................................... 47
Figure 11: Allowed Phase Shifts – NFC-B ................................................................................... 48
Figure 12: Calibration Plane of SMA Plug and Socket ................................................................. 62
Figure 13: Example of VNA Display When Tuning a Reference Poller ...................................... 63
Figure 14: Example of VNA Display When Tuning a Reference Listener ................................... 64
Figure 15: Orientation of NFC Forum Reference Equipment Used To Characterise a Polling or
Listening Device ............................................................................................................................ 66
Figure 16: Relative Orientation of NFC Forum Reference Equipment During Set-up ................. 66
Figure 17: Circuit for NFC Forum - Reference Device Poller-0 ................................................... 67
Figure 18: PCB Layout for Poller-0 .............................................................................................. 67
Figure 19: Circuit for NFC Forum - Reference Device Poller-3 ................................................... 68
Figure 20: PCB Layout for Poller-3 .............................................................................................. 68
Figure 21: Circuit for NFC Forum - Reference Device Poller-6 ................................................... 69
Figure 22: PCB Layout for Poller-6 .............................................................................................. 69
Figure 23: Circuit for NFC Forum - Reference Device Listener-1 ............................................... 70
Figure 24: PCB Layout for Listener-1 ........................................................................................... 70
Figure 25: Circuit for NFC Forum - Reference Device Listener-3 ............................................... 71
Figure 26: PCB Layout for Listener-3 ........................................................................................... 71
Figure 27: Circuit for NFC Forum - Reference Device Listener-6 ............................................... 72
Figure 28: PCB Layout for Listener-6 ........................................................................................... 72
Figure 29: Poller-0 Top Layer ....................................................................................................... 73
Figure 30: Poller-0 Mid Layer 1 .................................................................................................... 73
Figure 31: Poller-0 Mid Layer 2 .................................................................................................... 74
Figure 32: Poller-0 Bottom Layer ................................................................................................. 74
Figure 33: Poller-3 Top Layer ....................................................................................................... 75
Figure 34: Poller-3 Mid Layer 1 .................................................................................................... 75
Figure 35: Poller-3 Mid Layer 2 .................................................................................................... 75
Figure 36: Poller-3 Bottom Layer ................................................................................................. 76
Figure 37: Poller-6 Top Layer ....................................................................................................... 76
Figure 38: Poller-6 Mid Layer 1 .................................................................................................... 76
Figure 39: Poller-6 Mid Layer 2 .................................................................................................... 77
