基于 Python 的跳动爱心

import random from math import sin, cos, pi, log from tkinter import * CANVAS_WIDTH = 640 CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480 CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2 CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2 IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11 # 图像放大 HEART_COLOR = "#FF99CC" def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE): # (t ， shrink_ratio = float ， IMAGE_ENLARGE) # 爱心曲线公式 x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3) # ** 幂 次方 y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t)) # 放大 x *= shrink_ratio # 收缩率 y *= shrink_ratio # 移到画布中央 x += CANVAS_CENTER_X y += CANVAS_CENTER_Y return int(x), int(y) # 内部散射 def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15): # log(x)：返回 x 的自然对数（底数为e） # log(x, base)：返回以base为基的x的对数。base默认为e，也可以手动输入 ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random()) ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random()) dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) return x - dx, y - dy def shrink(x, y, ratio): force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6) dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) return x - dx, y - dy # 曲线 def curve(p): return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi) class Heart: def __init__(self, generate_frame=20): # set() 函数：创建一个无序不重复元素集，可进行关系测试，删除重复数据，还可以计算交集、差集、并集等 self._points = set() # 原始爱心坐标集合 self._edge_diffusion_points = set() # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合 self._center_diffusion_points = set() # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合 self.all_points = {} # 每帧动态点坐标 self.build(2000) self.random_halo = 1000 # 生成帧 self.generate_frame = generate_frame for frame in range(generate_frame): self.calc(frame) def build(self, number): # range() 函数可创建一个整数列表 range(计数从start开始, 计数到stop结束[, step步长，默认为1]) for _ in range(number): # 随机生成下一个实数，它在 [x, y] 范围内 t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) x, y = heart_function(t) self._points.add((x, y)) # 爱心内扩散 # list() 方法用于将元组转换为列表 for _x, _y in list(self._points): # 从 0 开始到 2 for _ in range(3): x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05) # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合 self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y)) # 爱心内再次扩散 point_list = list(self._points) for _ in range(4000): # choice() 方法返回一个列表，元组或字符串的随机项 x, y = random.choice(point_list) x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17) self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y)) @staticmethod def calc_position(x, y, ratio): force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520) dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1) dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1) return x - dx, y - dy def calc(self, generate_frame): # curve() 函数可以绘制函数的图像 generate_frame [0,20] curve(…) [-1,1] ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) # halo_radius 光环半径 [4, 16] halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi))) # halo_number 光环数量 [3000, 11000] halo_number = int( 3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2)) all_points = [] # 光环 heart_halo_point = set() for _ in range(halo_number): t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6) x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius) if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point: heart_halo_point.add((x, y)) # random.randint() 方法返回指定范围内的整数 x += random.randint(-14, 14) y += random.randint(-14, 14) # choice() 方法返回一个列表，元组或字符串的随机项 size = random.choice((1, 2, 2)) # append() 方法用于在列表末尾添加新的对象 all_points.append((x, y, size)) # 轮廓 # 原始爱心坐标集合 for x, y in self._points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 3) all_points.append((x, y, size)) # 内容 # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合 for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 2) all_points.append((x, y, size)) self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_points # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合 for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 2) all_points.append((x, y, size)) self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_points def render(self, render_canvas, render_frame): for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]: # create_rectangle() 四个参数，前两个左上角坐标，后两个右下角坐标 render_canvas.create_rectangle( x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR) def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0): render_canvas.delete('all') render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame) main.after(160, draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1) if __name__ == '__main__': root = Tk() root.title("跳动爱心") canvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH) canvas.pack() heart = Heart() draw(root, canvas, heart) root.mainloop()