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The DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide (DULG) for

canyonlands

Table of contents:

1. Abstract•

2. Introduction

2.1. Copyright♦

2.2. Disclaimer♦

2.3. Availability♦

2.4. Credits♦

2.5. Translations♦

2.6. Feedback♦

2.7. Conventions♦

•

3. Embedded Linux Development Kit

3.1. ELDK Availability♦

3.2. Supported Host Systems♦

3.3. Supported Target Architectures♦

3.4. Installation

3.4.1. Product Packaging◊

3.4.2. Downloading the ELDK◊

3.4.3. Initial Installation◊

3.4.4. Installation and Removal of Individual Packages◊

3.4.5. Removal of the Entire Installation◊

♦

3.5. Working with ELDK

3.5.1. Switching Between Multiple Installations◊

♦

3.6. Mounting Target Components via NFS♦

3.7. Rebuilding ELDK Components

3.7.1. ELDK Source Distribution◊

3.7.2. Rebuilding Target Packages◊

3.7.3. Rebuilding ELDT Packages◊

♦

3.8. ELDK Packages

3.8.1. List of ELDT Packages◊

3.8.2. List of Target Packages◊

♦

3.9. Rebuilding the ELDK from Scratch

3.9.1. ELDK Build Process Overview◊

3.9.2. Setting Up ELDK Build Environment◊

3.9.3. build.sh Usage◊

3.9.4. Format of the cpkgs.lst and tpkgs.lst Files◊

♦

3.10. Notes for Solaris 2.x Host Environment♦

•

4. System Setup

4.1. Serial Console Access♦

4.2. Configuring the "cu" command♦

4.3. Configuring the "kermit" command♦

4.4. Using the "minicom" program♦

4.5. Permission Denied Problems♦

4.6. Configuration of a TFTP Server♦

4.7. Configuration of a BOOTP / DHCP Server♦

4.8. Configuring a NFS Server♦

•

5. Das U-Boot

5.1. Current Versions♦

5.2. Unpacking the Source Code♦

5.3. Configuration♦

•

The DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide (DULG) for canyonlands 1

5.4. Installation

5.4.1. Before You Begin

5.4.1.1. Installation Requirements⋅

5.4.1.2. Board Identification Data⋅

◊

5.4.2. Installation Using a BDM/JTAG Debugger◊

5.4.3. Installation using U-Boot◊

♦

5.5. Tool Installation♦

5.6. Initialization♦

5.7. Initial Steps♦

5.8. The First Power-On♦

5.9. U-Boot Command Line Interface

5.9.1. Information Commands

5.9.1.1. bdinfo - print Board Info structure⋅

5.9.1.2. coninfo - print console devices and informations⋅

5.9.1.3. flinfo - print FLASH memory information⋅

5.9.1.4. iminfo - print header information for application image⋅

5.9.1.5. help - print online help⋅

◊

5.9.2. Memory Commands

5.9.2.1. base - print or set address offset⋅

5.9.2.2. crc32 - checksum calculation⋅

5.9.2.3. cmp - memory compare⋅

5.9.2.4. cp - memory copy⋅

5.9.2.5. md - memory display⋅

5.9.2.6. mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing)⋅

5.9.2.7. mtest - simple RAM test⋅

5.9.2.8. mw - memory write (fill)⋅

5.9.2.9. nm - memory modify (constant address)⋅

5.9.2.10. loop - infinite loop on address range⋅

◊

5.9.3. Flash Memory Commands

5.9.3.1. cp - memory copy⋅

5.9.3.2. flinfo - print FLASH memory information⋅

5.9.3.3. erase - erase FLASH memory⋅

5.9.3.4. protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection⋅

5.9.3.5. mtdparts - define a Linux compatible MTD partition scheme⋅

◊

5.9.4. Execution Control Commands

5.9.4.1. autoscr - run script from memory⋅

5.9.4.2. bootm - boot application image from memory⋅

5.9.4.3. go - start application at address 'addr'⋅

◊

5.9.5. Download Commands

5.9.5.1. bootp - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol⋅

5.9.5.2. dhcp - invoke DHCP client to obtain IP/boot params⋅

5.9.5.3. loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)⋅

5.9.5.4. loads - load S-Record file over serial line⋅

5.9.5.5. rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol⋅

5.9.5.6. tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol⋅

◊

5.9.6. Environment Variables Commands

5.9.6.1. printenv- print environment variables⋅

5.9.6.2. saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage⋅

5.9.6.3. setenv - set environment variables⋅

5.9.6.4. run - run commands in an environment variable⋅

5.9.6.5. bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'⋅

◊

5.9.7. Flattened Device Tree support

5.9.7.1. fdt addr - select FDT to work on⋅

5.9.7.2. fdt list - print one level⋅

◊

♦

The DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide (DULG) for canyonlands 2

5.9.7.3. fdt print - recursive print⋅

5.9.7.4. fdt mknode - create new nodes⋅

5.9.7.5. fdt set - set node properties⋅

5.9.7.6. fdt rm - remove nodes or properties⋅

5.9.7.7. fdt move - move FDT blob to new address⋅

5.9.7.8. fdt chosen - fixup dynamic info⋅

5.9.8. Special Commands

5.9.8.1. i2c - I2C sub-system⋅

◊

5.9.9. Storage devices◊

5.9.10. Miscellaneous Commands

5.9.10.1. echo - echo args to console⋅

5.9.10.2. reset - Perform RESET of the CPU⋅

5.9.10.3. sleep - delay execution for some time⋅

5.9.10.4. version - print monitor version⋅

5.9.10.5. ? - alias for 'help'⋅

◊

5.10. U-Boot Environment Variables♦

5.11. U-Boot Scripting Capabilities♦

5.12. U-Boot Standalone Applications

5.12.1. "Hello World" Demo◊

5.12.2. Timer Demo◊

♦

5.13. U-Boot Image Formats♦

5.14. U-Boot Advanced Features

5.14.1. Boot Count Limit◊

5.14.2. Bitmap Support◊

5.14.3. Splash Screen Support◊

♦

6. Embedded Linux Configuration

6.1. Download and Unpack the Linux Kernel Sources♦

6.2. Kernel Configuration and Compilation♦

6.3. Installation♦

•

7. Booting Embedded Linux

7.1. Introduction♦

7.2. Flattened Device Tree Blob♦

7.3. Passing Kernel Arguments♦

7.4. Boot Arguments Unleashed♦

7.5. Networked Operation with Root Filesystem over NFS

7.5.1. Bootlog of Linux kernel with Root Filesystem over NFS◊

♦

7.6. Boot from Flash Memory♦

7.7. Standalone Operation with Ramdisk Image♦

•

8. Building and Using Modules•

9. Advanced Topics

9.1. Flash Filesystems

9.1.1. Memory Technology Devices◊

9.1.2. Journalling Flash File System◊

9.1.3. Second Version of JFFS◊

9.1.4. Compressed ROM Filesystem◊

♦

9.2. The TMPFS Virtual Memory Filesystem

9.2.1. Mount Parameters◊

9.2.2. Kernel Support for tmpfs◊

9.2.3. Usage of tmpfs in Embedded Systems◊

♦

9.3. Adding Swap Space♦

9.4. Splash Screen Support in Linux♦

9.5. Root File System: Design and Building

9.5.1. Root File System on a Ramdisk◊

9.5.2. Root File System on a JFFS2 File System◊

♦

•

The DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide (DULG) for canyonlands 3

9.5.3. Root File System on a cramfs File System◊

9.5.4. Root File System on a Read-Only ext2 File System◊

9.5.5. Root File System on a Flash Card◊

9.5.6. Root File System in a Read-Only File in a FAT File System◊

9.6. Root File System Selection♦

9.7. Overlay File Systems♦

9.8. The Persistent RAM File system (PRAMFS)

9.8.1. Mount Parameters◊

9.8.2. Example◊

♦

10. Debugging

10.1. Debugging of U-Boot

10.1.1. Debugging of U-Boot Before Relocation◊

10.1.2. Debugging of U-Boot After Relocation◊

♦

10.2. Linux Kernel Debugging

10.2.1. Linux Kernel and Statically Linked Device Drivers◊

10.2.2. Dynamically Loaded Device Drivers (Modules)◊

10.2.3. GDB Macros to Simplify Module Loading◊

♦

10.3. GDB Startup File and Utility Scripts♦

10.4. Tips and Tricks♦

10.5. Application Debugging

10.5.1. Local Debugging◊

10.5.2. Remote Debugging◊

♦

10.6. Debugging with Graphical User Interfaces♦

•

11. Simple Embedded Linux Framework•

12. Books, Mailing Lists, Links, etc.

12.1. Application Notes♦

12.2. Further Reading

12.2.1. Linux kernel◊

12.2.2. General Linux / Unix programming◊

12.2.3. Network Programming◊

12.2.4. C++ programming◊

12.2.5. Java programming◊

12.2.6. PowerPC Programming◊

12.2.7. Embedded Topics◊

♦

12.3. Mailing Lists♦

12.4. Links♦

12.5. Tools♦

•

13. Appendix

13.1. Flat Device Tree♦

13.2. BDI2000 Configuration file♦

•

14. FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

14.1. ELDK

14.1.1. ELDK Installation under FreeBSD◊

14.1.2. ELDK Installation Hangs◊

14.1.3. .gvfs: Permission Denied◊

14.1.4. Installation on Local Harddisk◊

14.1.5. ELDK Include Files Missing◊

14.1.6. Using the ELDK on a 64 bit platform◊

14.1.7. GDB Problems with BDI2000/BDI3000 on e500 Cores◊

14.1.8. [[ELDK Installation Aborts][ELDK 2.x Installation Aborts]]◊

♦

14.2. U-Boot

14.2.1. Can U-Boot be configured such that it can be started in RAM?◊

14.2.2. Relocation cannot be done when using -mrelocatable◊

14.2.3. U-Boot crashes after relocation to RAM◊

♦

•

The DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide (DULG) for canyonlands 4

14.2.4. Warning - bad CRC, using default environment◊

14.2.5. Wrong debug symbols after relocation◊

14.2.6. Decoding U-Boot Crash Dumps◊

14.2.7. Porting Problem: cannot move location counter backwards◊

14.2.8. U-Boot Doesn't Run after Upgrading my Compiler◊

14.2.9. How Can I Reduce The Image Size?◊

14.2.10. Erasing Flash Fails◊

14.2.11. Ethernet Does Not Work◊

14.2.12. Where Can I Get a Valid MAC Address from?◊

14.2.13. Why do I get TFTP timeouts?◊

14.2.14. Why is my Ethernet operation not reliable?◊

14.2.15. How the Command Line Parsing Works

14.2.15.1. Old, simple command line parser⋅

14.2.15.2. Hush shell⋅

14.2.15.3. Hush shell scripts⋅

14.2.15.4. General rules⋅

◊

14.2.16. How can I load and uncompress a compressed image◊

14.2.17. My standalone program does not work◊

14.2.18. Linux hangs after uncompressing the kernel◊

14.3. Linux

14.3.1. Linux crashes randomly◊

14.3.2. Linux crashes when uncompressing the kernel◊

14.3.3. Linux Post Mortem Analysis◊

14.3.4. Linux kernel register usage◊

14.3.5. Linux Kernel Ignores my bootargs◊

14.3.6. Cannot configure Root Filesystem over NFS◊

14.3.7. Linux Kernel Panics because "init" process dies◊

14.3.8. Unable to open an initial console◊

14.3.9. Mounting a Filesystem over NFS hangs forever◊

14.3.10. Ethernet does not work in Linux◊

14.3.11. Loopback interface does not work◊

14.3.12. Linux kernel messages are not printed on the console◊

14.3.13. Linux ignores input when using the framebuffer driver◊

14.3.14. How to switch off the screen saver and the blinking cursor?◊

14.3.15. BogoMIPS Value too low◊

14.3.16. Linux Kernel crashes when using a ramdisk image◊

14.3.17. Ramdisk Greater than 4 MB Causes Problems◊

14.3.18. Combining a Kernel and a Ramdisk into a Multi-File Image◊

14.3.19. Adding Files to Ramdisk is Non Persistent◊

14.3.20. Kernel Configuration for PCMCIA◊

14.3.21. Configure Linux for PCMCIA Cards using the Card Services package◊

14.3.22. Configure Linux for PCMCIA Cards without the Card Services package

14.3.22.1. Using a MacOS Partition Table⋅

14.3.22.2. Using a MS-DOS Partition Table⋅

◊

14.3.23. Boot-Time Configuration of MTD Partitions◊

14.3.24. Use NTP to synchronize system time against RTC◊

14.3.25. Configure Linux for XIP (Execution In Place)

14.3.25.1. XIP Kernel⋅

14.3.25.2. Cramfs Filesystem⋅

14.3.25.3. Hints and Notes⋅

14.3.25.4. Space requirements and RAM saving, an example⋅

◊

14.3.26. Use SCC UART with Hardware Handshake◊

14.3.27. How can I access U-Boot environment variables in Linux?◊

14.3.28. The =appWeb= server hangs *OR* /dev/random hangs◊

♦

The DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide (DULG) for canyonlands 5

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