FreeMaker解析Word模板(含图片)生成Word文档
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FreeMarker是一个强大的、开源的模板引擎,常用于生成动态HTML、XML、电子邮件等,但在Java领域,它也可以用来处理Word模板。本知识点将详细介绍如何利用FreeMarker解析包含图片的Word模板,生成Word文档。 我们需要理解FreeMarker的基本概念。FreeMarker是一个基于模板的语言,与Java代码分离,使得开发者可以专注于数据的处理,而模板设计师则负责布局和样式。在Word模板中,我们通常会定义一些占位符,如`${variable}`,FreeMarker会将这些占位符替换为实际的Java对象值。 步骤1:设置环境 在使用FreeMarker处理Word模板之前,我们需要导入相关的库,包括FreeMarker本身和处理Word文件的库,例如Apache POI。在Maven项目中,可以添加以下依赖: ```xml <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId> <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId> <version>2.3.30</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId> <version>5.0.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> ``` 步骤2:创建数据模型 FreeMarker需要一个数据模型来填充模板中的占位符。这个模型可以是Java的Map、List或其他复杂对象。例如,我们可以创建一个Map来存储数据: ```java Map<String, Object> model = new HashMap<>(); model.put("name", "张三"); model.put("age", 30); model.put("image", new FileInputStream("path/to/image.jpg")); // 图片流 ``` 步骤3:读取和处理Word模板 使用Apache POI读取Word模板文件,然后用FreeMarker进行处理: ```java File templateFile = new File("template.docx"); InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(templateFile); XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis); // 获取模板中的所有占位符 List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = document.getParagraphs(); for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) { for (XWPFRun run : paragraph.getRuns()) { String text = run.getText(0); if (text != null && text.contains("${")) { // 替换占位符 processRun(run, model); } } } // 处理图片占位符 List<XWPFPictureData> pictures = document.getAllPictures(); for (XWPFPictureData picture : pictures) { String placeholder = getPicturePlaceholder(picture); if (placeholder != null) { replacePicture(placeholder, picture, model); } } ``` 步骤4:替换文本和图片 `processRun`方法用于替换文本占位符,`replacePicture`方法用于替换图片占位符。这两个方法需要根据模板中的具体占位符规则实现。例如,对于文本占位符,我们可以这样做: ```java private void processRun(XWPFRun run, Map<String, Object> model) { String text = run.getText(0); for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : model.entrySet()) { text = text.replace("${" + entry.getKey() + "}", entry.getValue().toString()); } run.setText(text, 0); } ``` 对于图片占位符,可能需要在模板中定义特定的格式,如 `${image:name}`,然后根据占位符查找并替换图片: ```java private void replacePicture(String placeholder, XWPFPictureData picture, Map<String, Object> model) { String[] parts = placeholder.split(":"); if (parts.length == 2 && model.containsKey(parts[1])) { try { FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("temp.jpg"); IOUtils.copy(model.get(parts[1]).asInstanceOf(InputStream), out); out.close(); // 使用新图片替换旧图片 // 这里简化了替换过程,实际操作可能更复杂 // ... } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` 步骤5:保存生成的Word文档 将处理后的Word文档保存到新的文件: ```java File outputFile = new File("output.docx"); try (OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(outputFile)) { document.write(os); } ``` 以上就是使用FreeMarker解析Word模板(含图片)生成Word文档的基本流程。需要注意的是,实际操作中,图片处理部分可能需要更复杂的逻辑,例如处理图片大小、格式转换等。此外,模板设计时应避免过于复杂的嵌套和循环,以确保模板的可读性和易维护性。在处理大量数据时,考虑优化数据模型和模板结构,以提高性能。
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