ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009(E)
Copyright © 2001-2008, IEEE and The Open Group. All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established
by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical
committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO
and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating
Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards
through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which
brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers
are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the
process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not
independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards.
The main task of ISO/IEC JTC 1 is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require the use of subject matter
covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or
validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. ISO/IEEE is not responsible for identifying essential
patents or patent claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or
scope of patents or patent claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in
connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance or a Patent Statement and Licensing Declaration Form, if
any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are
expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such
rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from ISO or the IEEE
Standards Association.
ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945 was prepared by The Open Group (as The Open Group Technical Standard Base
Specifications, Issue 7) and the Portable Applications Standards Committee of the Computer Society of the
IEEE (as IEEE Std 1003.1™-2008). It was adopted by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
technology, Subcommittee SC 22, Programming languages, their environments and system software
interfaces, in parallel with its approval by the ISO/IEC national bodies, under the “fast-track procedure” defined
in the Partner Standards Development Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE. IEEE is
responsible for the maintenance of this document with participation and input from ISO/IEC national bodies.
This first edition of ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945 cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003, ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003,
ISO/IEC 9945-3:2003 and ISO/IEC 9945-4:2003, which have been technically revised. It also
incorporates the Technical Corrigenda ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003/Cor.1:2004, ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003/Cor.1:2004,
ISO/IEC 9945-3:2003/Cor.1:2004 and ISO/IEC 9945-4:2003/Cor.1:2004.
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