Contents
About this document ............. vi
IBM extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Obsolete language elements
............. vi
How to read the syntax diagrams .......... vii
DBCS notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Acknowledgment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Summary of changes ................. ix
How to send your comments ............. x
Part 1. COBOL language structure . 1
Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Character encoding units ................ 3
Character-strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
COBOL words with single-byte characters ...... 4
COBOL words with DBCS characters ......... 5
User-defined words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
System-names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Function-names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Reserved words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figurative constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Special registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
PICTURE character-strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Separators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Sections and paragraphs
......... 35
Sentences, statements, and entries .......... 35
Reference format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Sequence number area ................ 37
Indicator area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Area A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Area B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Area A or Area B ................... 42
Scope of names ................ 44
Types of names .................... 44
External and internal resources ........... 46
Resolution of names ................. 47
Referencing data names, copy
libraries, and Procedure Division
names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Uniqueness of reference ............... 49
Data attribute specification .............. 59
Transfer of control .............. 60
Millennium Language Extensions and
date fields
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Millennium Language Extensions syntax ...... 62
Terms and concepts ................. 63
Part 2. COBOL source unit
structure
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
COBOL program structure ........ 68
Nested programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
COBOL class definition structure .... 73
COBOL method definition structure
.. 77
Part 3. Identification Division . . . . 79
Identification Division . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
PROGRAM-ID paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
CLASS-ID paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
FACTORY paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
OBJECT paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
METHOD-ID paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Optional paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Part 4. Environment Division . . . . 89
Configuration Section . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
SOURCE-COMPUTER paragraph . . . . . . . . . . 91
OBJECT-COMPUTER paragraph . . . . . . . . . . 92
SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
ALPHABET clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
SYMBOLIC CHARACTERS clause ......... 98
CLASS clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
CURRENCY SIGN clause .............. 99
DECIMAL-POINT IS COMMA clause ....... 100
REPOSITORY paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Input-Output Section . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
FILE-CONTROL paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
SELECT clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
ASSIGN clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
RESERVE clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
ORGANIZATION clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
PADDING CHARACTER clause .......... 112
RECORD DELIMITER clause ........... 113
Copyright IBM Corp. 1991, 2002 iii
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