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Short-circuit current

1 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions correspond largely to those defined in

IEC 60 909. Refer to this standard for all terms not used in this book.

The terms short circuit and ground fault describe faults in the isolation of

operational equipment which occur when live parts are shunted out as a result.

 Causes:

1. Overtemperatures due to excessively high overcurrents.

2. Disruptive discharges due to overvoltages.

3. Arcing due to moisture together with impure air, especially on

insulators.

 Effects:

1. Interruption of power supply.

2. Destruction of system components.

3. Development of unacceptable mechanical and thermal stresses in

electrical operational equipment.

 Short circuit:

According to IEC 60 909, a short circuit is the accidental or intentional

conductive connection through a relatively low resistance or impedance

between two or more points of a circuit which are normally at different

potentials.

 Short circuit current:

According to IEC 60 909, a short circuit current results from a short

circuit in an electrical network.

It is necessary to differentiate here between the short circuit current at

the position of the short circuit and the transferred short circuit currents

in the network branches.

 Initial symmetrical short circuit current:

This is the effective value of the symmetrical short circuit current at the

moment at which the short circuit arises, when the short circuit

impedance has its value from the time zero.

 Initial symmetrical short circuit apparent power:

The short circuit power represents a fictitious parameter. During the

planning of networks, the short circuit power is a suitable characteristic

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