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基于单片机的智能调节器学位论文.doc
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基于单片机的智能调节器学位论文.doc
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毕业设计说明书
题 目:基于单片机的智能调节器设计
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)
I
基于单片机的智能调节器设计
摘 要
智能仪器就是以单片机为主体,将计算机技术与测量控制技术结合在一起而组成的
“智能化测量控制系统”。智能仪器具有自动操作、数据处理和友好的人机对话等传统仪
器无法比拟的优点,因而在各个领域都有着广泛的应用。随着微电子技术和信息技术的
发展,智能仪器将会向着微型化、多功能化和网络化的方向发展。
本设计以高性能的 80C196KB 单片机为核心,辅以必要的外围器件,来完成调节器
的各项功能。同时,本调解器还具备了初步的智能化。在硬件电路设计中,本文详细介
绍了各电路模块的设计方法,并且也给出了键盘、显示、通讯和打印的外围电路设计;
在软件设计部分,本文介绍了单片机软件程序的流程和设计。本文还讨论了软硬件抗干
扰的方法。最后,针对设计中的问题和不足,提出了一些建议和改进方法。
关键词:智能仪器;调节;单片机;PID 控制
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)
II
The Design of Intelligent Regulator Based on MCU
Abstract
Intelligent instrument is a kind of intelligent measuring and controlling system that
combines computer technology and measuring and controlling technology with MCU being its
main body. Intelligent instrument has many strong-points which traditional instrument hasn’t,
such as automatic operation, data processing and friendly man-machine conversation function.
So, it can be applied widely in all kinds of fields. With the rapid development of
microelectronics and information technology, intelligent instrument will develop in
micromation, multifunctional and network direction.
This design take the high-performance MCU 80C196KB as the core, and auxiliary by
necessary periphery component, to complete the regulator's functions. At the same time, this
regulator also has the preliminary intellectualization. On the hardware circuit design, this
paper describes various circuit modules in detail, and also gives the peripheral circuit design of
the keyboard, the display, the communication and the print; In the part of software design, this
paper shows the compiling and flow of software of MCU. Finally, in view of the problems and
insufficiencies in this design, some recommendations and advices are presented.
Key words: Intelligent Instrument; Regulate; MCU; PID Control
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)
III
目 录
摘 要...........................................................................................................................................I
Abstract........................................................................................................................................II
第一章 引 言..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 调节器概述...................................................................................................................1
1.2 模拟调节器...................................................................................................................2
1.3 数字调节器...................................................................................................................3
1.4 智能调节器...................................................................................................................3
1.4.1 智能调节器的结构............................................................................................3
1.4.2 智能调节器的特点和基本功能........................................................................5
1.4.3 智能调节器的优越性........................................................................................6
第二章 智能调节器方案选择....................................................................................................7
2.1 微处理器的选择...........................................................................................................7
2.2 控制算法的选择...........................................................................................................8
2.2.1 PID 控制的基本原理 .........................................................................................8
2.2.2 PID 控制算法及特点 .........................................................................................9
第三章 智能调节器硬件电路设计..........................................................................................17
3.1 智能调节器硬件电路总体方案设计.........................................................................17
3.2 最小单片机系统设计.................................................................................................18
3.2.1 80C196KB 单片机............................................................................................18
3.2.2 地址锁存器 74LS373 的应用 .........................................................................21
3.2.3 程序存储器 27128 的应用..............................................................................22
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)
IV
3.2.4 静态数据存储器 6264 的应用........................................................................24
3.2.5 译码器 74LS138 的应用 .................................................................................25
3.3 前向通道设计.............................................................................................................26
3.3.1 数据选通器 4052A 的应用.............................................................................26
3.3.2 运算放大电路..................................................................................................27
3.3.3 A/D 转换...........................................................................................................28
3.4 人机交互接口设计.....................................................................................................29
3.4.1 键盘电路设计..................................................................................................29
3.4.2 显示系统设计..................................................................................................32
3.5 后向通道设计.............................................................................................................36
3.5.1 D/A 转换...........................................................................................................36
3.5.2 V/I 转换.............................................................................................................37
3.6 通信接口设计.............................................................................................................38
3.6.1 通信接口标准的选择......................................................................................38
3.6.2 MAX485 芯片简介 ..........................................................................................39
3.6.3 MAX485 在智能调节器中的应用 ..................................................................39
3.6.4 单片机与 PC 机串行通信系统构成...............................................................40
3.7 电源设计.....................................................................................................................40
3.7.1 直流稳压电源的组成......................................................................................40
3.7.2 直流稳压电源的原理......................................................................................40
3.7.3 直流稳压电源的应用......................................................................................41
3.8 其它芯片的应用.........................................................................................................42
3.8.1 看门狗芯片 MAX705 的应用 ........................................................................42
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