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组合机床液压系统设计与plc控制学士学位论文.doc
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组合机床液压系统设计与plc控制学士学位论文.doc
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I
摘要
文章以三面铣组合机床为研究对象,通过对主要结构和运动形式的探
究以及对机床的工作过程和控制要求分析,给出了机床动作循环图、液压
元件动作表,并采用 PLC 控制系统的设计方法, 进行了软硬件设计,列出
了 PLC 的 I/O 地址分配表,绘制了 PLC 的 I/O 分配图和单循环自动工作
流程图,编写 PLC 控制程序的梯形图和指令表。
可编程控制器(PLC)是以微处理器为核心的通用工业控制装置,它将传
统的继电器接触器控制系统与计算机控制技术紧密结合 ,集计算机、控制、
通讯于一体,具有可靠性高、通用性强、易于使用、维修方便、价格便宜
等优点,为工业自动化提供了近乎完美的自动控制装置。
根据我国当前的情况,继电器-接触器控制系统依然是机械设备最常用
的电气控制方式,许多企业和高校实习工厂的机床和设备仍采用传统的
继电器-接触器控制系统。随着科学技术发展,可编程控制器的出现,许
多以继电器-接触器控制系统的组合机床通过电路改进,采用可编程控制
系统,无论在性能上或者效率上都能得到很大提升。因此,采用 PLC 对机
床电气控制系统进行技术改造,很有益处。
本课是以三菱电机公司的 FX2N 系列 PLC 作为组合机床的主控制器,
同时连接 PC 端,通过 PLC 控制液压系统,实现一个全新的自动控制系
统。
关键词:可编程控制器(PLC);组合机床;液压控制系统。
II
Abstract
Taking three surface milling combination machine tools for research
object, and through the main structure and form of movement of exploration
and for machine tools work process and control requirements analysis is
presented, the machine operating cycle diagram, hydraulic components action
list, And PLC control system design method of software and hardware design,
lists the PLC I/O address allocation worksheets, painted PLC I/O assignment
graph and single automatic work flowchart, write PLC control program ladder
diagram and instructions list.
Programmable controller (PLC) is a microprocessor as the core of general
industrial control device, It will be the traditional relay contactor control
system and computer control technology. Integrating computer, control,
communications, and has high reliability, strong commonality, easy to use
and convenient maintenance, cheap price, for industrial automation provides a
nearly perfect automatic control device.
According to the current situation in our country, Relay - contactor control
system is still a mechanical equipment what is the most common way of
electric control, Many companies and universities internship factory machines
and equipments are still using traditional Relay - contactor control system.
With the development of science and technology, the emergence of
programmable controller, Many Relay - contactor control system of modular
III
machine tool by circuit improvement, adopt the programmable control system,
whether in performance or efficiency can be improved. Using the PLC to
improving the electrical control system of nc machine tools has a good
outcome.
This essay use the FX2N series PLC of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation as
main controller of modular machine tool, connecting the PC at the same time.
Through the PLC control hydraulic system, creates a new automatic control
system.
Keywords: programmable controller (PLC); modular machine; hydraulic
control system.
IV
目录
引言...................................................................................................................1
第一章 组合机床及其概述.............................................................................2
1.1 机床简介..............................................................................................2
1.2 发展历史..............................................................................................2
1.3 加工方式..............................................................................................3
1.4 部件分类..............................................................................................3
1.5 机床发展..............................................................................................4
1.6 工艺范围与设计类型..........................................................................4
1.7 三面铣组合机床概述..........................................................................5
1.7.1 机床主要结构部件.....................................................................5
1.7.2 机床加工工件示意图.................................................................5
1.7.3 机床工作过程.............................................................................5
第二章 液压传动设计.....................................................................................7
2.1 液压传动概述.......................................................................................7
2.1.1 基本原理......................................................................................7
2.1.2 理论应用.....................................................................................7
2.1.3 液压机械系统.............................................................................8
2.1.4 液压传动的优缺点.....................................................................8
2.1.5 液压系统设计原则.....................................................................9
2.2 工况分析...............................................................................................9
V
2.3 拟定液压原理图.................................................................................14
2.4 液压元件的选择.................................................................................16
2.5 液压系统性能验算.............................................................................19
第三章 PLC 控制系统设计...........................................................................22
3.1 PLC 概述.............................................................................................22
3.1.1 基本结构...................................................................................22
3.1.2 功能特点...................................................................................23
3.2 PLC 控制系统设计的基本原则和步骤.............................................25
3.3 PLC 的选型.........................................................................................25
3.4 PLC 的 I/O 接口与主电路设计 .........................................................27
3.4.1 PLC 的 I/O 分配表与接线图 ....................................................27
3.4.2 主电路设计...............................................................................29
3.5 PLC 控制系统程序设计.....................................................................31
3.5.1 程序流程图设计.......................................................................31
3.5.2 程序设计...................................................................................32
参考文献.........................................................................................................35
致谢.................................................................................................................36
附录一 梯形图.............................................................................................37
附录二 指令表.............................................................................................42
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