硕士毕业论文-基于一维TiO2量子点敏化太阳能电池的制备.pdf

华东理工大学硕士学位论文 第 I 页

基于一维 TiO

2

量子点敏化太阳能电池的制备

摘要

量子点具有独特的光电性能，不同尺寸和组成的量子点可吸收不同能量的光子产生

多种波长的光，在生物标记、光电器件和太阳能电池领域具有重要的应用。量子点太阳

能电池的理论转换效率可达 44%，但目前的实验结果远远低于理论预测值。

本论文研究了量子点敏化纳米晶太阳能电池的制备工艺。合成了一维二氧化钛结构，

(1) 通过阳极氧化金属钛片的方法，在恒定电位和室温下，改变持续时间，获得了

不同形貌的锐钛矿二氧化钛纳米管。利用水热法一步合成了生长在透明 FTO 玻璃上的

锐钛矿二氧化钛纳米线，是制备太阳能电池的基础。

(2) 利用连续离子层吸附法，将 CdS/CdSe 量子点沉积到一维二氧化钛结构上。配

置多硫电解液和对电极，组装成三明治结构的太阳能电池。考察三种对电极对光电性能

的影响，发现相比传统的 Pt 电极，CoS/CuS 电极工艺简单，成本低廉，性能优异。通

过比较太阳光从光阳极和对电极入射的结果，实现了光阳极入射方式较优的光电性能，

其短路电流密度为 6.40 mA/cm

(3) 采用烧瓶溶剂法和水热法制备了粒径分别为 40-50nm 和 5-10nm 的黄铁矿 FeS

第 II 页 华东理工大学硕士学位论文

Quantum dots(QDs) with special photoelectric properties show significant values in the

feilds of bio-labeling, photoelectric devices and solar cells. Different grain size and

composition of QDs can absorb photons with various energy and give off wide wavelength of

luminescence. The therotical conversion efficiency of QDs sensitized solar cell (QDSSCs)

optimization of electrolyte and counter electrode. The improvment of cells' structure and

performance are carried out to enhance the conversion efficiency. Besides, the synthesis of

pyrite FeS2, a nanocrystal whose absorption bands are in high coincidence with the solar

spectrum, is conducted combining with solar cells characterization and performance test.

The main research contents and results are listed as follows:

(1) By hiring anodic oxidation treatment for Ti metal foils at certain voltage and ambient

temperature, 1D anatase TiO

1D-TiO

compatibility. Oppose to rear-side irradiation direction, front-side way shows an improved

performance with a current density of 6.40mA/cm

.

（3）Pyrite FeS

nanocrystal can be obtained by both solvothermal and hydrothermal

method, with particles size of 40-50 nm and 5-10 nm, respectively. After deposited them onto

1D-TiO2, an FeS

sensitized solar cells was achieved with a current desity of 5.2mA/cm

and

an open voltage of 26mV.

华东理工大学硕士学位论文 第 III 页

1.1 研究背景与课题来源 ......................................................................................................... 1

1.2 半导体纳米晶的基本概念 ................................................................................................. 2

1.3 敏化太阳能电池的原理和结构 ......................................................................................... 3

1.4 量子点在太阳能电池中的应用效应 ................................................................................. 5

1.4.1 禁带宽度可调效应 .......................................................................................................... 6

1.4.2 冲击离化效应及俄歇复合效应 ...................................................................................... 6

1.4.3 微带效应 .......................................................................................................................... 8

1.6 研究内容和意义 ............................................................................................................... 14

2.1 实验药品与实验设备 ....................................................................................................... 16

2.2 电池材料及性能的表征 ................................................................................................... 17

2.2.1 纳米颗粒的表征 ............................................................................................................ 17

2.2.2 太阳能电池性能的表征 ................................................................................................ 20

2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................................ 23

2

3.1 前言 .................................................................................................................................... 25

第 IV 页 华东理工大学硕士学位论文

3.3.1 实验过程 ........................................................................................................................ 34

3.3.2 热处理前的二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜 ........................................................................ 35

3.4 水热法制备 TiO

3.4.1 实验过程 ........................................................................................................................ 38

3.4.2 二氧化钛纳米线的表征与分析 .................................................................................... 39

3.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 41

4.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................... 42

4.2 实验过程 ........................................................................................................................... 43

4.3.2 不同氧化时间二氧化钛光阳极量子点敏化电池性能研究 ........................................ 47

4.3.4 基于透明 FTO 玻璃 TiO

纳米线光阳极的太阳能电池 ............................................ 52

4.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 56

5.1 前言 ................................................................................................................................... 57

5.2 烧瓶溶剂热法制备 FeS

黄铁矿纳米晶 .......................................................................... 58

5.2.1 实验过程 ........................................................................................................................ 58

5.4 FeS

敏化太阳能电池的制备 ............................................................................................ 62

5.4.1 实验过程 ........................................................................................................................ 62

5.4.2 结果分析 ........................................................................................................................ 63

5.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 63

6.1 总结 ................................................................................................................................... 64

6.2 创新点 ............................................................................................................................... 65

6.3 展望 ................................................................................................................................... 65

华东理工大学硕士学位论文 第 V 页