thrift of excellent traditional and style lack deep of understanding, one-sided think in now of good situation Xia, economic smooth more fast development, and reform made major progress, and people living significantly improve, and social the career made new progress, no necessary always hard has, no awareness to China also has many poverty area, and also has many poverty population of exists, more living improve has, more need keep hard of style. Three is not strictly honest. Total thought units is a water sector, clean self-discipline away from himself too far, no real processing good living of improve and hard, and thrift excellent traditional of relationship, no effective do comply with Constitution and party of regulations must from I do up, no right mercy good bitter Le, and wealth of relationship, no right awareness to in comply with Constitution and party of regulations aspects everyone has accountability. Four, future direction and improvement measures 1, belief and faith,
strengthen party spirit. One is to firmly establish the noble ideals of struggle for the ideals of communism, communist struggle for life, ready to sacrifice everything for the party and the people. Second is to continuously improve the quality and standard of political, conscientiously study Deng Xiaoping theory and "three represents" important thought and the scientific Outlook on development, implement the party's basic program for the primary stage of socialism, adhere to the correct political orientation, maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee, is good at theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics to analyze and solve problems. Third, strengthening the party spirit and the world transformation, perseverance of the party Constitution, relive Party vows to establish correct world Outlook, Outlook on life and the world, practically embodies ideals and beliefs into action, combine lofty ideals and practical activities, transforming the objective world, actively
participate in the great practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. 2, keep the purpose in concept, changing the style of work. First, keep in mind that the purpose of serving, adhere to assuming power for the people, keep in mind the people and care about people, and the joys and sorrows of the masses, ...
According to city discipline, and municipal organization Department requirements, today we held "implement implementation independent Commission against corruption guidelines effective strengthening led cadres style construction" topic democratic life, main task is close contact thought, and work actual, control check district Standing Committee team and the personal in implementation independent Commission against corruption guidelines Shang exists of problem, in-depth carried out criticism and self-critical, further clear rectification direction and measures, effective enhanced clean politics of consciousness and initiative, firm set good of ruling image. Before the meeting, the way we take surveys solicited a views, combed, related to team building
为加强党的领导和党的建设工作，给国税地税征管体制改革以及税务机构改革提供坚强政治保障，按照总局省局的部署安排，进一步加强改革期间思想政治工作，召开了此次会议。
project work, cadres, cadres selection and other aspects of a total of 19, further defined the direction of rectification, enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of democratic life. Good for this meeting, we requested the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee, municipal Secretary General Tang Wenjin, the City Commission for discipline inspection Standing Committee Yang Xu, Jiang Jixue, Deputy Director of the personnel office, and other leading comrades present guidance allows us to warm applause for their welcome and thanks! Below, I first District Committee member of the 20XX team annual democratic meeting implementation of the corrective measures, as well as member of the team and of my own report guidelines for the implementation of the independent Commission against corruption statement invited leaders and comrades criticism. First, annual party on the 20XX team, Member of democratic life action plan implementation year 20XX, district
democratic meeting a member of the team on "study and practice the scientific Outlook on development" theme, find a project supporting strong enough, the industry well enough, urban construction management level needs to be improved, livelihood improvement needs to be strengthened, district team itself, such as the five aspects. Year of 20XX, we find out the problems mentioned above, based on actual Shunqing construction and development, conscientiously sum up improvements, achieving significant development results and effectiveness of their work. (A) highlight the project handle, maintain high growth of investment. Adhere to the strategy as a Foundation, carrying out projects to promote increased stamina important. One is to increase the intensity of projects towards. Actively seek national and provincial policy support, superior special transfer payments, a variety of additional income will top 700 million Yuan, a number of key infrastructure projects, livelihood
projects, industrial projects into the cage. Second, increasing the project attracts. This year a total of 23 signed a major project, of which 14 billion project, China Metallurgical group, vanke group, Guangdong hengda group, Taiwan Ruentex group, on the RI group, Shenzhen Kaisa, jifeng agricultural machinery, Mercedes-Benz, Audi 4S store and other large enterprises and projects have settled in Shunqing. Third, strengthen project construction. Annual implementation focus project 39 a, fixed assets investment total will breakthrough 12 billion yuan, created district yilai history high, South door dam, and five in shop old city transformation, and Ying China industrial concentrated district construction, and city main road construction, and Northeast steam Trade Center, and modern farmers industry Park, and vocational education city, and low rental, and also room construction, and features blocks build, and farmers market transformation, and "rural version" Street transformation, focus
engineering speed up implementation, effectiveness obviously. Expected to be achieved this year, area-wide GDP 17 billion
第一章概述
1. 网络是指“三网”：电信网络、有线电视网络和计算机网络
2. 计算机网络向用户可以提供那些服务：连通性；共享
3. 网络是由若干结点和连接这些结点的链路组成
4. 互联网是“网络的网络”
5. 因特网服务提供商 ISP（Internet Service Provider）
6. 因特网的拓扑结构划分两大块：边缘部分称为资源共享；核心部分称为通讯子网
7. 在网络边缘的端系统之间的通信方式划分为两大类：客户—服务器方式（C/S 方式）和
对等方式（P2P 方式）
8. 路由器是实现分组交换的关键构件。常用的交换方式：电路交换、分组交换、报文交换
9. 计算机网络按网络的作用范围分为:广域网 WAN、城域网 MAN、局域网 LAN、个人区域
网 PAN
10. 开放系统互连基本参考模型 OSI/RM（Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model）
11. 网络协议：为进行网络中的数据交换而建立的规则、标准或约定。由三要素组成：语法、
语义和同步
1-10 试在下列条件下比较电路交换和分组交换。要传送的报文共 x（bit）。从源点到终点共经过 k
段链路，每段链路的传播时延为 d（s），数据率为 b(b/s)。在电路交换时电路的建立时间为 s(s)。
在分组交换时分组长度为 p(bit)，且各结点的排队等待时间可忽略不计。问在怎样的条件下，分组
交换的时延比电路交换的要小？（提示：画一下草图观察 k 段链路共有几个结点。）
答：线路交换时延：kd+x/b+s, 分组交换时延：kd+(x/p)*(p/b)+ (k-1)*(p/b)
其中(k-1)*(p/b)表示 K 段传输中，有(k-1)次的储存转发延迟，当 s>(k-1)*(p/b)时，电路交换的时
延比分组交换的时延大，当 x>>p,相反。
1-11 在上题的分组交换网中，设报文长度和分组长度分别为 x 和(p+h)(bit),其中 p 为分组的数据部
分的长度，而 h 为每个分组所带的控制信息固定长度，与 p 的大小无关。通信的两端共经过 k 段链路。
链路的数据率为 b(b/s)，但传播时延和结点的排队时间均可忽略不计。若打算使总的时延为最小，
问分组的数据部分长度 p 应取为多大？（提示：参考图 1-12 的分组交换部分，观察总的时延是由哪
几部分组成。）
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