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普氏全球氢气和氨方法与规格指南
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普氏全球氢气和氨方法与规格指南
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Methodology and Specifications Guide
Global Hydrogen & Ammonia
Latest update: October 2023
Definitions of the trading locations for which Platts
publishes daily indexes or assessments
..................... 2
Carbon Neutral Hydrogen (CNH) Assessments ................. 2
Implied Hydrogen Origin Certificate (h-OC)
...................... 2
Ammonia Assessments
.............................................. 3
Low-carbon Ammonia assessments ........................... 3
Renewable power derived Ammonia assessments ............ 3
Blue Ammonia Premiums
............................................ 4
Blue Ammonia Price Assessments
................................ 5
Ammonia Forward Curve Assessments
.......................... 5
Hydrogen Pump Prices
................................................ 6
www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights
Hydrogen Production Cost Valuations
........................... 6
SMR w/o CCS
............................................................ 6
SMR with CCS
........................................................... 6
ATR with CCS
..............................................................7
Coal Gasification with CCS
............................................7
Lignite Gasification with CCS
.........................................7
PEM Electrolysis
.........................................................7
Alkaline Electrolysis
.....................................................7
Pricing Locations
........................................................7
Further Assumptions
.................................................. 8
Revision history ......................................................27
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2
Specifications Guide Global Hydrogen & Ammonia: October 2023
© 2023 by S&P Global Inc. All rights reserved.
Definitions of the trading locations for which Platts publishes daily indexes or assessments
The following specifications guide contains the primary specifications for Platts hydrogen and ammonia assessments globally. All the assessments listed here employ Platts Assessments Methodology,
as published at https://www.spglobal.com/platts/plattscontent/_assets/_files/en/our-methodology/methodology-specifications/platts-assessments-methodology-guide.pdf .
These guides are designed to give Platts subscribers as much information as possible about a wide range of methodology and specification questions. This guide is current at the time of publication.
Platts may issue further updates and enhancements to this guide and will announce these to subscribers through its usual publications of record. Such updates will be included in the next version of this
guide. Platts editorial staff and managers are available to provide guidance when assessment issues require clarification.
Carbon Neutral Hydrogen (CNH) Assessments
Platts Carbon Neutral Hydrogen (CNH) assessments reflect
minimum lot sizes of 20,000 kg for prompt delivery the
calendar month following the trading date. Daily assessments
are published in Euros or US Dollars per kilogram and per
million British Thermal Units for hydrogen, 99.99% purity, on
an Ex-Works basis. Trades reported for other purities, volumes
and terms may be normalized to this basis for assessment
purposes. Platts CNH assessments reflect the value of
hydrogen as it leaves the production facility. The prices reflect
the market value of hydrogen in which emissions have been,
in order of priority: avoided where possible through the use of
low emissions generation, removed through the use of carbon
capture and storage, and offset through the use of carbon
credits or equivalent instruments.
In addition to spot market activity, power-purchase agreements
and hydrogen offtake agreements may be considered for
assessment purposes, but normalized for terms, periods and
other factors.
Platts also considers cost of production factors, which
provide baseline inputs in the absence of market activity.
These costs incorporate renewable power prices and carbon
capture costs with any remaining accounted emissions
offset using relevant carbon instruments. Platts accounts for
carbon offset costs using Platts CRC removals-based carbon
credits, which reflect the most competitive carbon credit
assessments for projects that remove GHG emissions, as well
as California Carbon Allowance and EU Emissions Allowance
prices where relevant.
Platts assesses the CNH price at the following six locations:
Ex Works California reflecting hydrogen delivered at any
production facility in California
Ex Works US Gulf Coast reflecting hydrogen delivered at any
production facility in Texas or Louisiana
Ex Works Northwest Europe reflecting hydrogen delivered at any
production facility in the Netherlands
Ex Works Middle East reflecting hydrogen delivered at any
production facility in Saudi Arabia
Ex Works Far East Asia reflecting hydrogen delivered at any
production facility in Japan
Ex Works Australia reflecting hydrogen delivered at any
production facility in West Australia
Reported deals from other locations may be considered and
normalized.
Implied Hydrogen Origin Certificate (h-OC)
h-OC represents a premium for hydrogen derived from
carbon-neutral production pathways. The implied prices are
calculated as the difference between the cost of production
of hydrogen produced via steam methane reforming
without carbon capture and sequestration, and carbon-
neutral hydrogen produced via proton exchange membrane
electrolysis.
The implied h-OC premium may consider added costs of
decarbonization, including renewable energy certificates,
guarantee of origin and carbon offsets where applicable.
One h-OC certificate will represent the premium of using
1 MWh of energy from hydrogen produced using carbon-
neutral sources.
Pricing locations: h-OC considers the implied premium for
carbon neutral hydrogen in three locations: Northwest Europe,
the US Gulf Coast and California. In Northwest Europe, h-OC
will be based on production costs in the Netherlands. In the US
Gulf Coast, h-OC will consider production pathways in Texas and
Louisiana.
Units: Platts assesses implied h-OC price in euros per
megawatt hour and euros per kilogram in Europe and US
dollars per megawatt hour and US dollars per kilogram in
the US.
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3
Specifications Guide Global Hydrogen & Ammonia: October 2023
© 2023 by S&P Global Inc. All rights reserved.
Assessment window: Daily assessment basis CFR Northwest
Europe would be based on latest information sourced from the
market up to the close of the assessment window at 4:30 pm
London time. Daily premium assessments for the USGC would
be based on latest information sourced from the market up to
the close of the assessment window at 1:30 pm Houston time.
Timing: H-OC implied values will be reflected on a spot basis for
the calendar month following the trading date.
Ammonia Assessments
Pricing Locations: Platts publishes ammonia assessments for
CFR Far East Asia, FOB Middle East, CFR Northwest Europe,
FOB Black Sea, and CFR US Gulf Coast.
Assessment window: Daily assessments basis for all location
are based on latest information sourced from the market up to
the close of the assessment window at 4.30 pm London time.
Timing: Daily assessments for all locations for parcels to be
delivered 1-6 weeks forward from the date of publication.
Basis and locations: CFR Far East Asia (ammonia-importing
ports/terminals in China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea,
Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore and
Vietnam); CFR Northwest Europe (ammonia-importing ports/
terminals in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and CFR USGC
(ammonia-importing ports/terminals in the US Gulf states
of Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi). FOB Middle East
(ammonia-exporting ports/terminals in Bahrain, Kuwait,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates);
FOB Black Sea (Major ports that can accommodate
ammonia cargoes in Ukraine).
For all regions, other locations may be used when reflective of
the market and normalized. For the European market, Platts
assessments represent duty-free and duty paid cargoes.
Cargoes incurring any duty may be normalized as part of the
European assessment process.
Cargo Size: CFR Far East Asia: 6,000-15,000 mt, CFR Northwest
Europe: 10,000-25,000 mt, CFR USGC: 10,000-25,000 mt, FOB
Middle East: 10,000-25,000 mt, FOB Black Sea: 10,000-25,000
mt. Platts may use information with different cargo sizes after
normalization.
Units: Platts assesses ammonia in US dollars per metric ton and
US dollars per MMBtu.
Credit terms: Assessments are cash prices, net of any credit.
Platts may use information with longer credit terms after
normalization.
Quality specifications: Minimum purity of 99.5% of anhydrous
ammonia by weight, a maximum water content of 0.5% by
weight, and a maximum oil content of 10 ppm by weight.
Further Assumptions: The Platts ammonia valuations are
published to two decimal places.
Low-carbon Ammonia assessments
Market-based assessments
Japan-Korea Low-carbon ammonia price assessment
(JKAP)
For details on the Japan-Korea low-carbon ammonia price,
please refer to the Fertilizers methodology guide: Specifications
Guide Fertilizer
Carbon Intensity escalator
The Carbon Intensity escalator represents the price per gram of
carbon saved in importing 1 Megajoule of low-carbon ammonia.
The CI escalators can be used to normalize bids/offers/
trades of low carbon ammonia into Korea and Japan, with a
carbon intensity below the JKAP threshold of 40gCO2e/MJ.
The Japan and Korea CI escalators are published in USD/
gCO2e/MJ.
For low-carbon ammonia cargoes bid/offered/traded into
Korea the escalator will use daily values as published by
Platts for Korea Allowance Units (KAUs). Cargoes bid/
offered/traded into Japan will use the Japanese Carbon tax
as per the official Japanese regulation.
Model-based assessments
Renewable power derived Ammonia assessments
Renewable power derived ammonia is often referred to as
‘green ammonia’.
Pricing Locations: Platts publishes renewable power based
ammonia prices. The prices represent delivery into:
Far East Asia on CFR basis originating from Middle East,
Australia and West Coast (WC) of Canada
Northwest Europe on CFR basis originating from Middle East,
US Gulf Coast and East Coast (EC) of Canada.
Assessment window: Weekly assessments basis CFR Far East
Asia and CFR Northwest Europe are based on latest information
sourced from the market up to the close of the assessment
window at 4:30 pm London time.
Timing: Weekly assessments for CFR Far East Asia and CFR
Northwest Europe are for parcels to be delivered 15-45 days
forward from the date of publication.
Basis and locations: CFR Far East Asia (major ports that can
accommodate ammonia cargoes in China, Japan, South Korea,
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4
Specifications Guide Global Hydrogen & Ammonia: October 2023
© 2023 by S&P Global Inc. All rights reserved.
and Taiwan) and CFR Northwest Europe (major ports that can
accommodate ammonia cargoes in Belgium, Germany, the
Netherlands, and northern France).
Platts assessments represent duty-free cargoes. Cargoes
incurring any duty may be normalized as part of the assessment
process.
Cargo Size: CFR Far East Asia: 20,000-40,000 mt and
CFR Northwest Europe: 20,000-25,000 mt. Platts may use
information with different cargo sizes after normalization.
Units: Platts assesses renewable power derived ammonia in US
dollars per metric ton and US dollars per MMBtu.
Credit terms: Assessments are cash prices, net of any credit.
Platts may use information with longer credit terms after
normalization.
Quality specifications: Minimum purity of 99.5% of
anhydrous ammonia by weight, a maximum water content
of 0.5% by weight, and a maximum oil content of 10 ppm by
weight.
Further Assumptions: The Platts renewable power derived
ammonia valuations are published to two decimal places. In the
absence of spot market activity, ‘green’ ammonia prices would
consider the cost of production of ammonia using an alkaline
electrolyzer and renewable electricity, adding freight cost to
calculate CFR price for Far East Asia and Northwest Europe.
Representative electricity costs for the relevant region are
taken from S&P Global Commodity Insight’s Levelized Cost of
Electricity (LCOE) to match the duration of the electrolyzer and
ammonia plant, where the average cost of onshore wind and
solar photovoltaic underpins the cost of ammonia production
calculation. Renewable power derived ammonia originating
from Australia delivered into Far East, the cost of production
of ammonia is calculated using renewable electricity prices in
Australia added to the cost of freight of transporting ammonia
from Western Australia to Japan. Renewable power derived
ammonia originating from Middle East delivered into Far East
and Northwest Europe, the cost of production of ammonia is
calculated using renewable electricity prices in Saudi Arabia and
added to the cost of freight of transporting ammonia from Saudi
Arabia to Japan and Netherlands, respectively.
Renewable power derived ammonia originating from WC of
Canada delivered into Far East, the cost of production of
ammonia is calculated using renewable electricity prices
in Canada and added to the cost of freight of transporting
ammonia from WC of Canada to Japan.
Renewable power derived ammonia originating from US Gulf
Coast delivered into Northwest Europe, the cost of production
of ammonia is calculated using renewable electricity prices in
Texas and added to the cost of freight of transporting ammonia
from Texas to Netherlands.
Renewable power derived ammonia originating from EC of
Canada delivered into Northwest Europe, the cost of production
of ammonia is calculated using renewable electricity prices
in Canada and added to the cost of freight of transporting
ammonia from EC of Canada to Netherlands.
The feedstock water cost is constant for all regions. The
operational parameters for alkaline electrolysis across all
hubs are identical and include electrolyzer efficiency of 67%.
The ammonia plant capacity across locations is assumed to
be 500,000 mt per year at a high-capacity capacity factor of
90%. The capital cost of alkaline electrolyzers for all origin
regions is given in the tables below.
Blue Ammonia Premiums
Pricing Locations: Platts publishes Blue Ammonia Premiums for
CFR Far East Asia, FOB Middle East, CFR Northwest Europe, and
US Gulf Coast.
Assessment window: Daily assessments basis CFR Far East
Asia, FOB Middle East, CFR Northwest Europe are based on
latest information sourced from the market up to the close
of the assessment window at 4.30 pm London time. Daily
assessment basis CFR US Gulf Coast is based on latest
information sourced from the market up to the close of the
assessment window at 1:30 pm Houston time.
Timing: Daily assessments for all locations for parcels to be
delivered 1-6 weeks forward from the date of publication.
Basis and locations: CFR Far East Asia (ammonia-importing
ports/terminals in China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea,
Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore and
Vietnam); CFR Northwest Europe (ammonia-importing ports/
terminals in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and CFR USGC
(ammonia-importing ports/terminals in the US Gulf states
of Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi). FOB Middle East
(ammonia-exporting ports/terminals in Bahrain, Kuwait,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates);
FOB Black Sea (Major ports that can accommodate ammonia
cargoes in Ukraine)
For all regions, other locations may be used when reflective of
the market and normalized. For the European market, Platts
assessments represent duty-free and duty paid cargoes.
Cargoes incurring any duty may be normalized as part of the
European assessment process.
Cargo Size: CFR Far East Asia: 6,000-15,000 mt, CFR Northwest
Europe: 10,000-25,000 mt, CFR USGC: 10,000-25,000 mt, FOB
Middle East: 10,000-25,000 mt, FOB Black Sea: 10,000-25,000
mt. Platts may use information with different cargo sizes after
normalization.
Units: Platts assesses ammonia in US dollars per metric ton and
US dollars per MMBtu.
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5
Specifications Guide Global Hydrogen & Ammonia: October 2023
© 2023 by S&P Global Inc. All rights reserved.
Credit terms: Assessments are cash prices, net of any credit.
Platts may use information with longer credit terms after
normalization.
Quality specifications: Minimum purity of 99.5% of anhydrous
ammonia by weight, a maximum water content of 0.5% by
weight, and a maximum oil content of 10 ppm by weight.
Further Assumptions: The Platts ammonia valuations are
published to two decimal places.
In the absence of spot market activity, the Blue Ammonia
premiums would consider the difference in cost of production
pathways between ammonia with and without carbon capture
and sequestration (CCS). For the Far East Blue Ammonia
premium, this calculation would consider the difference in cost
of production pathways between ammonia with and without
CCS in the Middle East. For the Middle East, this premium would
consider the difference in cost of production pathways between
ammonia with and without CCS in Saudi Arabia. For Northwest
Europe, this premium would consider the difference in cost of
production pathways between ammonia with and without CCS
in the Netherlands. For the US, this premium would consider the
difference in cost of production pathways between ammonia
with and without CCS in in the US Gulf Coast area (Texas and
Louisiana).
The calculations for the spread between ammonia
produced from fossil fuels with and without CCS, include
the following parameters based on industry research by
Platts Analytics.
Operational parameters for ammonia without CCS include
plant energy usage of 28 gigajoule per produced metric ton of
ammonia, while for a facility with CCS this is 29.32 gigajoule per
produced metric ton of ammonia.
Capital expenses (capex) for ammonia production without
CCS are valued at $1,000 per metric ton of design capacity
for Northwest Europe (Netherlands) and the US (Texas and
Louisiana), and at $820/mt for the Middle East (Saudi Arabia).
For ammonia production with CCS, capex is valued at $1,088/
mt for Northwest Europe (Netherlands) and the US (Texas
and Louisiana), and at $908/mt for the Middle East (Saudi
Arabia).
For the pathway with CCS, it assumes a carbon capture rate
of 90%. Costs associated related to the sequestration of the
carbons that occur after the gate of a production facility are
not included. The cost calculations consider for both ammonia
production pathways, a lifespan of the plant of 40 years, a
daily production capacity of 3225 mt/day, and an operating
factor of 85%.
For capital expenses, the Platts ammonia cost valuations use
a levelized fixed charge rate, which is the product of a capital
recovery factor and a project finance factor, in line with those
used for hydrogen cost evaluations. Details on the specifics can
be found under the header “Further Assumptions.”
The feedstock inputs consist of a fixed water price as well as
the natural gas prices, and the on- and off-peak electricity
assessments most geographically relevant. A table of daily
variable inputs for ammonia can be found below.
Blue Ammonia Price Assessments
Pricing Locations: Platts publishes blue Ammonia Price
Assessments for CFR Far East Asia, FOB Middle East, and CFR
Northwest Europe. Assessment window: Daily assessments
basis for all location are based on latest information sourced
from the market up to the close of the assessment window at
4.30 pm London time.
Timing: Daily assessments for all locations for parcels to be
delivered 1-6 weeks forward from the date of publication.
Basis and locations: CFR Far East Asia (ammonia-importing
ports/terminals in China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea,
Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore and
Vietnam); CFR Northwest Europe (ammonia-importing ports/
terminals in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and CFR USGC
(ammonia-importing ports/terminals in the US Gulf states of
Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi). FOB Middle East (ammonia-
exporting ports/terminals in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates); FOB Black Sea
(Major ports that can accommodate ammonia cargoes in
Ukraine).
For all regions, other locations may be used when reflective of
the market and normalized. For the European market, Platts
assessments represent duty-free and duty paid cargoes.
Cargoes incurring any duty may be normalized as part of the
European assessment process.
Cargo Size: CFR Far East Asia: 6,000-15,000 mt, CFR Northwest
Europe: 10,000-25,000 mt, CFR USGC: 10,000-25,000 mt, FOB
Middle East: 10,000-25,000 mt, FOB Black Sea: 10,000-25,000
mt. Platts may use information with different cargo sizes after
normalization.
Units: Platts assesses ammonia in US dollars per metric ton and
US dollars per MMBtu.
Credit terms: Assessments are cash prices, net of any credit.
Platts may use information with longer credit terms after
normalization.
Quality specifications: Minimum purity of 99.5% of anhydrous
ammonia by weight, a maximum water content of 0.5% by
weight, and a maximum oil content of 10 ppm by weight.
Further Assumptions: The Platts ammonia valuations are
published to two decimal places.
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