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AN OVERVIEW OF THE INTEL SERVER MANAGEABILITY INTERFACES Intel LAN Access Division Sideband Interface SMbus Sideband Interface NCSI Interface Intel Sideband技术是Intel公司为服务器管理提供的一种高级接口技术，它主要涉及到Intel服务器的管理功能，特别是与网络控制和远程管理相关的部分。本文将详细阐述Sideband接口、SMbus Sideband接口以及NCSI接口的基本概念、作用和应用场景。 1. **Intel Sideband接口** Intel Sideband接口是一种辅助通信通道，用于在服务器的主要处理流程之外进行数据传输和管理命令的传递。这种接口设计旨在不干扰系统主业务的情况下，实现高效、低延迟的远程管理和监控。Sideband接口可以提供对服务器硬件状态的实时监控，帮助管理员远程诊断和解决故障，提高数据中心的运维效率。 2. **SMbus Sideband接口** System Management Bus (SMbus) 是一种低速串行总线，常用于微处理器系统中的设备间通信，如温度传感器、电池管理等。SMbus Sideband接口是SMbus的一个扩展，它允许管理软件通过Sideband通道与SMbus上的设备进行通信，实现更灵活的硬件管理。例如，通过SMbus Sideband接口，可以远程控制服务器的电源状态或读取硬件传感器数据，确保系统的稳定运行。 3. **NCSI Interface（Network Controller Sideband Interface）** NCSI接口是网络控制器侧带接口，主要用于管理网络适配器的功能，尤其是服务器的网络配置和故障检测。通过NCSI，服务器可以自动识别网络设置，如IP地址、子网掩码和默认网关，从而简化网络部署和维护。此外，NCSI还能检测网络连接问题，提供故障恢复策略，增强网络的可用性和可靠性。 4. **应用与优势** 这些接口技术的结合使得Intel服务器具备强大的远程管理能力，减少了现场维护的需求，降低了运维成本。例如，通过NCSI，即使在网络连接不稳定的情况下，也能进行基本的网络配置调整，确保服务器的正常通信。同时，Sideband技术提高了管理命令的执行效率，使系统能在不影响主业务的情况下进行自我诊断和修复。 5. **注意事项** 尽管Intel的产品提供了这些先进的管理接口，但它们并不适用于医疗、生命维持等关键应用。此外，Intel可能会随时更改产品规格和描述，设计者应避免依赖于“预留”或“未定义”的特性，并关注Intel发布的最新更新以获取当前的错误清单（errata）。 Intel Sideband技术是Intel服务器管理的关键组成部分，它与其他管理接口一起，构建了一个强大而灵活的远程管理框架，提升了数据中心的智能化水平和运维效率。了解并充分利用这些接口，可以帮助企业更好地优化服务器性能，降低运营成本。

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Intel® Sideband Technology

AN OVERVIEW OF THE INTEL SERVER MANAGEABILITY INTERFACES

Intel® LAN Access Division

321786-002EN

Revision 1.10

July 2009

Intel

Sideband Technology 321786-002EN

Overview Rev 1.10

2 July 2009

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Intel

Sideband Technology 321786-002EN

Overview Rev 1.10

4 July 2009

Contents

1 Introduction................................................................................9

1.1 Management Controller............................................................................. 9

1.2 Remote Monitoring..................................................................................10

1.2.1 Standards..................................................................................10

1.2.1.1 IPMI............................................................................10

1.2.1.2 WS-Management ..........................................................11

1.2.1.3 SMASH........................................................................11

1.3 Consolidated Ethernet Connectivity............................................................11

2 Sideband Interface....................................................................13

2.1 Components of a Sideband Interface .........................................................13

2.1.1 Sideband Physical Layer ..............................................................14

2.1.2 Sideband Protocol Layer ..............................................................14

2.1.3 Filtering Mechanism ....................................................................14

2.2 Evolution of the Intel Sideband Interface....................................................15

2.2.1 Pass-Through – First Generation...................................................15

2.2.1.1 Limitations...................................................................15

2.2.1.1.1 Gratuitous ARPs.......................................... 16

2.2.1.1.2 Shared MAC Address ................................... 16

2.2.1.1.3 Management Traffic Sent to Host .................. 16

2.2.2 Advanced Pass-Through – Second Generation.................................16

2.2.2.1 Dedicated MAC Address Support......................................17

2.2.2.2 Broadcast Filtering ........................................................17

2.2.2.3 IP Address Filtering .......................................................17

2.2.2.4 RMCP Port Filtering........................................................17

2.2.2.5 Definable Port Filtering...................................................17

2.2.2.6 Flexible Filtering............................................................17

2.2.2.7 Automatic responses to ARP requests...............................17

2.2.2.8 VLAN Filtering...............................................................18

2.2.2.9 XSUM Filtering..............................................................18

2.2.3 Super Pass-Through – Third Generation.........................................18

2.2.3.1 Serial Over LAN ............................................................18

2.2.3.2 IDE Redirection (Floppy & CD Redirection)........................18

2.2.3.3 RMCP+ Session Establishment ........................................18

2.2.3.4 Limitations...................................................................19

2.2.4 Fast Management Link– Third Generation.......................................19

2.2.5 Pass-Through – Fourth Generation ................................................20

2.2.6 NC-SI – Fourth Generation...........................................................20

321786-002EN Intel

Sideband Technology

Rev 1.10 Overview

July 2009 5

3 SMBus Sideband Interface ........................................................21

3.1 Overview...............................................................................................21

3.2 SMBus Physical Layer ..............................................................................21

3.2.1 SMBus Clock..............................................................................21

3.2.2 SMBus Data...............................................................................22

3.2.3 SMBAlert#.................................................................................22

3.3 SMBus Protocol Layer ..............................................................................22

3.3.1 Addressing ................................................................................23

3.3.2 SMBus Notification Methods .........................................................24

3.3.2.1 SMBus Alert and Alert Response Method...........................24

3.3.2.2 Asynchronous Notify Method...........................................25

3.3.2.3 Direct Receive Method ...................................................25

3.3.3 SMBus Notification Timeout..........................................................26

3.4 Dual-Port Ethernet Controller....................................................................26

3.4.1 Addressing ................................................................................26

3.4.2 Filtering & Configuration..............................................................26

3.4.3 Alert Notification.........................................................................27

3.4.4 Failover Support.........................................................................27

3.4.4.1 Transmit Functionality ...................................................27

3.4.4.2 Receive Functionality.....................................................27

3.4.4.3 Port Switching (fail-over) ...............................................27

3.4.4.4 Driver Interactions ........................................................28

3.4.4.5 Fail-Over Configuration ..................................................28

3.4.4.5.1 Preferred Primary Port................................. 28

3.4.4.5.2 164BGratuitous ARPs................................... 28

3.4.4.5.3 165BLink Down Timeout .............................. 28

3.5 SMBus Interface Filtering Overview ...........................................................28

3.5.1 General Filtering Flow..................................................................29

3.5.2 Management To Host Filter ..........................................................30

3.5.3 Shared L2 Filtering......................................................................31

3.5.3.1 VLAN Filtering – Incoming Packets...................................32

3.5.3.2 VLAN Filtering – Outgoing Packets...................................33

3.5.4 Filtering Algorithm ......................................................................34

3.5.5 Filtering Configuration.................................................................36

3.5.5.1 Old Mechanism .............................................................36

3.5.5.2 133BNew Mechanism.....................................................36

3.5.5.2.1 Manageability Decision Filters (MDEF)............ 38

3.5.5.2.2 Management to Host ................................... 41

3.5.5.2.3 168BMDEF Filters and Interaction with the

Receive Enable Command ............................ 42

3.6 Configuration Examples ...........................................................................43

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