Abstract
The first excavator is manual, from the invention in 2013 has been one hundred and
thirty years, experienced a gradual development of the automatic hydraulic excavator rotary
bucket excavator driven by steam to electric drive and internal combustion engine driven rotary
excavator, application of mechatronics technology during the. The first hydraulic excavator
factory in France invented successfully by poclain. The application of hydraulic technology, in
twentieth Century 40 has been installed in the tractor equipped with hydraulic backhoe hanging
type excavator. In 1951, the first full hydraulic backhoe excavator located by the French Poclain
(POCLAIN) factory launched, thus creating a new space in the field of technology development
of excavator, twentieth Century 50 in the early and metaphase develops towed all rotary
hydraulic excavators and crawler hydraulic excavator. The early trial of hydraulic excavator
hydraulic technology is used aircraft and machine tools, the lack of suitable excavator hydraulic
components in various working conditions, the manufacturing quality is not stable enough, the
pieces do not fully support. From twentieth Century since 60, hydraulic excavator into spreading
and flourishing development stage, excavators manufacturing plant and breed increases quickly,
production soared. During the period of 1968-1970 hydraulic excavator, excavator production
accounted for 83% of total output, has close to 100%.
The first generation of excavator: the emergence of motor, internal combustion engine, the
excavator is an electric device of advanced and suitable, so all kinds of excavator product birth.
In 1899, the first electric excavator appeared. After the first World War, the diesel engine is also
used in excavator, this kind of diesel engine (or motor) excavator driver is the first generation of
excavator.
The second generation of excavator: with the widespread use of hydraulic technology, make the
excavator with more scientific and suitable gearing, hydraulic transmission instead of
mechanical transmission is a big leap in technology of excavator. The first hydraulic excavator
was born in Germany in 1950. Mechanical transmission is the second generation of hydraulic
excavator.
The third generation of excavator: electronic technology especially the wide application of
computer technology, the automatic control system of excavator has, also make the excavator to
the development of high performance, automation and intelligent direction. Germination of
electromechanical integration occurs around 1965, and in the mass production of hydraulic
excavator on adopting the technology of Mechatronics in around 1985, when the main purpose is
to save energy. Excavator electronic is a symbol of the third generation of excavator.
Key w o rds : Hyd r auli c pre s sur e f init e elem e nt a n aly s i s