24
Landscape Architecture
2020/03
摘要：
东西方因思维方式所导致的自然保护地文化特征存在很大差异，中国自然保护地体系建设不能完全
模仿西方经验。首先分析东西方思维方式的差异和当前中国建立自然保护地体系的政策背景，并明确东西
方自然保护地建设存在诸多差异这一事实，确认了东西方自然保护地文化特征比较研究的必要性。随后，
从环境观差异和保护地文化内涵差异两方面切入，对东西方自然保护地文化特征进行了比较研究。研究认
为东方环境观倾向于认为物质蕴含精神、文化与自然相互交融、渗透，而西方则持二元论观点；且东方国
家有许多具有国家文化象征意义的自然环境被指定为自然保护地，这与西方国家追求荒野或蕴含的地方文
化特征不同。最后，结合东北亚其他国家（日本、韩国和朝鲜）自然保护地文化特征保护的实践经验，基
于文化差异视角，从三方面对中国特色自然保护地体系建设提出建议。
关键词：
自然保护地体系；文化特征；文化意义；保护地管理分类；双遗产；东西方对比
Abstract:
The cultural features of protected areas of the East and the West have significant differences
due to their distinct ways of thinking. China’s protected area system should not simply copy the western
experience. Firstly, we analyze the different ways of thinking between the East and the West, and the
policy background of the current protected area system in China, and confirm the tremendous distinctions
between China and the Western countries in protected areas. From the perspective of environmental
philosophies and cultural meanings of protected areas, we compare the differences of cultural features in
protected areas between the East and the West. We propose that the Easterners tend to hold the view that
material and spirit are never separate from each other, and so are the culture and nature. In contrast, the
Cartesian Westerners differentiate the material and the spiritual. The discoveries indicate that in Eastern
countries, many natural places with national cultural significance are designated as protected areas.
This national cultural significance of the Eastern countries’ protected areas discriminates the East from
the cultural significance of protected areas in Western countries, when they are more concerned about
wilderness or local/indigenous cultures. Finally, in reference to the practical experience of cultural features
conservation in protected areas of Japan, South Korea and North Korea, and from a cultural difference
perspective, we present three suggestions for further establishment of China’s protected area system.
Keywords:
protected area system; cultural feature; cultural significance; protected area management
category; world nature and culture heritage; comparison on east and west
谢冶凤 / 女 / 北京大学城市与环境学院在读博士
研究生 / 旅游研究与规划中心成员 / 研究方向为
国家公园与自然保护地体系及游憩
XIE Yefeng is a Ph.D. candidate in the College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, and a member of the International
Center for Recreation and Tourism Research. Her
research focuses on national parks, protected
area system and recreation.
吴必虎 / 男 / 博士 / 北京大学城市与环境学院教授、
博士生导师 / 旅游研究与规划中心主任 / 研究方
向为城市与区域旅游规划、目的地管理与营销以
及更广泛的旅游与游憩
通信作者邮箱（Corresponding author Email）：
tigerwu@urban.pku.edu.cn
WU Bihu, Ph.D., is a professor and doctoral
supervisor in the College of Urban and
Environmental Sciences, Peking University, and
the director of the Center for Recreation and
Tourism Research. His research focuses on
urban and regional tourism planning, destination
management and marketing, and a wide range of
tourism and recreation studies.
张玉钧 / 男 / 博士 / 北京林业大学园林学院教授、
博士生导师 / 国家公园研究中心主任 / 研究方向
为生态旅游、保护地游憩与规划
ZHANG Yujun, Ph.D., is a professor and
doctoral supervisor in the School of Landscape
Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, and the
director of the Center for National Park Research.
His research focuses on ecotourism, recreation
and planning of protected areas.
东西方自然保护地文化特征比较研究
Research on Comparison of Cultural Features in Protected Areas between the
East and the West
谢冶凤 吴必虎
*
张玉钧
XIE Yefeng, WU Bihu*, ZHANG Yujun
谢冶凤，吴必虎，张玉钧 . 东西方自然保护地文化特征比较研究 [J]. 风景园林，2020，27（3）：24-28.
中图分类号：TU986
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1673-1530(2020)03-0024-05
DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.03.0024.05
收稿日期：2019-09-16
修回日期：2020-01-06
开放科学（资源服务）
标识码（OSID）
1 背景
1.1 东西方思维方式不同
东北亚人（主要是中国、日本和朝鲜半
岛人）与西方人（主要是欧洲、美国和英联
邦人）有着截然不同的思维体系，东北亚人
倾向于将事物视为整体看待，认为整体内的
每个对象之间的关系错综复杂，无法通过解
决某一对象的问题来解决整体问题，而西方
万方数据
