基于光伏水泵系统的变频高压输电研究

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摘要

近年来，依靠太阳能驱动水泵提水进行农业灌溉、供给人畜饮水的项目逐渐

增多，光伏水泵在云南地区的应用也取得了积极的进展。光伏水泵利用太阳能发

电系统将太阳能直接转化为电能，进而驱动电动机带动水泵从深井、江、河、湖、

塘等水源地提水。然而，鉴于光伏水泵系统应用地区的特殊性，在安装光伏水泵

系统时考虑到地形等因素，很多时候光伏方阵会远离泵站，常规电力输送所产生

的线损将会是一个影响系统经济性的问题，此时就需要采用变频高压输电来降

低输电线损。这种方法虽然增加了一段高压输电线路，但与低压输电技术方案相

比，投资显著降低，对光伏水泵系统的长远运行是十分有利的。因此，对光伏水

泵系统的变频高压输电研究具有十分重要的意义。

（1）根据太阳电池的数学模型，使用 Matlab/Simulink 搭建了仿真模型，得

到了太阳电池在标准测试条件下（STC，1000 W/m

，25 ℃）的 I-V 和 P-V 输出

特性；根据“五参数法”（I

、V

、I

、V

、P

）搭建了太阳电池的工程模型，

模拟了不同太阳辐照度下（400 W/m

、600 W/m

、800 W/m

、1000 W/m

）和不

同温度下（15 ℃、25 ℃、35 ℃、45 ℃）光伏组件的输出特性。

（2）交-直-交变频器根据中间直流电路储能元件的不同分为电压型变频器

和电流型变频器，使用 Matlab/Simulink 分别对电压型变频器和电流型变频器的

整流部分搭建仿真模型分析，包括电容滤波的三相不可控整流电路（直流侧有电

感和无电感）、三相桥式全控整流电路（电阻负载和阻感负载）；对交-直-交变频

器逆变电路部分进行分类建模仿真，包括三相电压型逆变电路和三相电流型逆

变电路，通过仿真分别得出了不同电路的特性；分析了 PWM 技术的基本原理，

为后续章节的研究提供了理论依据。

（3）使用 Matlab/Simulink 搭建了交-直-交变频器电路的仿真模型，模拟了

交-直-交变频器输出侧电压和电流的波形情况。将调制比设置为 0.8，研究了不

同载波频率时（1 kHz、1.5 kHz、2 kHz、2.5 kHz、3 kHz、5 kHz）变频器输出侧

电压和电流的谐波情况；将载波频率设置为 2 kHz，研究了不同调制比（0.1-0.9）

时变频器输出侧电压和电流的谐波情况。根据不同滤波器的特点选择 LC 滤波器

（星形连接方式）作为本文的滤波器类型，使用 Matlab/Simulink 对所设计的滤

Abstract

III

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in the number of projects that

rely on solar-powered water pumps to lift water for agricultural irrigation and supply

water for human and animal consumption, and the application of photovoltaic water

pumps in the Yunnan region has also made positive progress. Photovoltaic water pumps

use solar power systems to convert solar energy directly into electricity, which in turn

drives an electric motor to drive the pump to carry water from deep wells, rivers, lakes,

ponds and other water sources. However, given the specificity of the area where the PV

water pumping system is applied, and taking into account factors such as topography

when installing the PV water pumping system, very often the PV arrays will be far

away from the pumping station, and the line loss generated by conventional power

transmission will be a problem that affects the economy of the system, at which point

it will be necessary to use variable frequency high voltage transmission to reduce the

transmission line loss. Although this method adds a section of high voltage

transmission line, the investment is significantly lower compared to low voltage

transmission technology solutions, which is very beneficial to the long term operation

of the PV pumping system. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the variable

frequency and high voltage transmission of photovoltaic water pumping systems.

(1) Based on the mathematical model of the solar cell, a simulation model was

built using Matlab/Simulink to obtain the I-V and P-V output characteristics of the solar

cell under standard test conditions (STC, 1000 W/m

, 25 °C). An engineering model of

the solar cell was constructed based on the "five parameter method" (I

, V

, I

, V

) to simulate the output characteristics of the PV module under different solar

irradiance (400 W/m

, 600 W/m

, 800 W/m

, 1000 W/m

) and different temperatures

(15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C).

(2) The AC-DC-AC frequency converter is divided into voltage-type frequency

converter and current-type frequency converter according to the difference of the

Abstract

energy storage components of the intermediate DC circuit. Matlab/Simulink is used to

build simulation models for the rectifier part of the voltage-type frequency converter

and current-type frequency converter. Including capacitor filter three-phase

uncontrollable rectifier circuit (inductance and no inductance on the DC side), three-

phase bridge fully controlled rectifier circuit (resistance and resistive-inductive load);

Classification modeling and simulation of AC-DC-AC inverter circuit, including three-

phase voltage inverter circuit and three-phase current inverter circuit, through the

simulation of different circuit characteristics; The basic principle of PWM technology

is analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis for the research of the following chapters.

(3) A simulation model of the AC-DC-DC frequency converter circuit was built

using Matlab/Simulink to simulate the waveform conditions of the output-side voltage

and current of the AC-DC-DC frequency converter. The modulation ratio was set to 0.8

and the harmonics of the output-side voltage and current of the inverter were studied at

different carrier frequencies (1 kHz, 1.5 kHz, 2 kHz, 2.5 kHz, 3 kHz and 5 kHz); the

carrier frequency was set to 2 kHz and the harmonics of the output-side voltage and

current of the inverter were studied at different modulation ratios (0.1-0.9). According

to the characteristics of different filters, LC filter (star connection method) is selected

as the filter type in this paper, the designed filter is verified using Matlab/Simulink, and

the voltage and current harmonics on the output side of the AC-DC-DC frequency

converter after filtering are analysed, and the THD

and THD

after filtering are 4.07%

and 0.42% respectively, which achieves a better filtering effect.

(4) The transient process of no-load closing of a three-phase transformer is

analysed from the theoretical aspect; a simulation model of no-load closing of the

transformer excitation inrush is built using Matlab/Simulink to simulate the three-phase

transformer excitation inrush waveform; a simulation circuit is built to analyse the load

operation and no-load operation of the transformer, and the voltage and current of the

transformer under load operation and no-load operation conditions are derived

respectively.

Finally, the economy of variable frequency high voltage transmission

system is analyzed.

Key words: photovoltaic power generation; AC-DC-AC frequency converter; SPWM

control; Harmonics; LC filter; transformer.

第一章绪论............................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题研究背景与意义 ....................................................................... 1

1.1.1 研究背景 ..................................................................................... 1

1.1.2 研究意义 ..................................................................................... 2

1.2 国内外相关课题研究现状 .............................................................. 3

1.2.1 直流输电系统 ............................................................................. 4

1.2.2 交流输电系统 ............................................................................. 6

1.2.3 谐波抑制研究 ............................................................................. 8

1.3 本文主要研究内容 ......................................................................... 10

第二章光伏发电单元工作原理与仿真 ................................................ 12

2.1 太阳电池的工作原理 ..................................................................... 12

2.2 太阳电池的基本特性 ..................................................................... 12

2.2.1 开路电压 ................................................................................... 12

2.2.2 短路电流 ................................................................................... 13

2.2.3 转换效率 ................................................................................... 14

2.2.4 峰值电流 ................................................................................... 14

2.2.5 峰值功率 ................................................................................... 14

2.3 太阳电池的数学模型及仿真 ........................................................ 15

2.3.1 太阳电池数学模型 ................................................................... 15

2.3.2 太阳电池数学模型仿真搭建 ................................................... 17

2.4 太阳电池的输出特性仿真 ............................................................ 20

2.4.1 太阳电池工程模型 ................................................................... 20

2.4.2 太阳电池仿真模型的搭建与分析 ........................................... 21

2.5 光伏组件倾斜面太阳辐射模型 .................................................... 23

2.6 光伏阵列参数的确定 ..................................................................... 25

2.6.1 光伏阵列方位角与间距的确定 ............................................... 25

2.7 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 26

第三章交-直-交变频器电路仿真分析 .................................................. 28

3.1 交-直-交变频器整流电路仿真分析 .............................................. 29

3.1.1 电容滤波的三相不可控整流电路 ........................................... 29

3.1.2 三相桥式全控整流电路 ........................................................... 35

3.2 交-直-交变频器逆变电路仿真分析 .............................................. 39

3.2.1 三相电压型逆变电路 ............................................................... 39

3.2.2 三相电流型逆变电路 ............................................................... 42

剩余89页未读，继续阅读

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