Internet of Things (IoT)-CRC(2018).pdf

Internet of Things (IoT) is the third wave of Internet and is supposed to have a potential to connect about 28 billion items by 2020, ranging from bracelets to cars. The term “IoT,” which was rst proposed by Kevin Ashton, a British technologist, in 1999, has the potential to impact everything from new product opportunities to shop oor optimization to fac- tory worker ef ciency gains that will power top-line and bottom-line gains. It is believed that IoT will improve energy ef ciency, remote monitoring, and control of physical assets and productivity through applications as diverse as home security to condition monitor- ing on the factory oor. Now IoT has been used in markets in the eld of health care, home appliances and buildings, retail markets, energy and manufacturing companies, mobility and transportation, logistics companies, and by media. Equipments are becoming more digitized and more connected, establishing networks between machines, humans, and the Internet, leading to the creation of new ecosystems that enable higher productivity, better energy ef ciency, and higher pro tability. Sensors help to recognize the state of things, by which they gain the advantage of anticipating human needs based on the information collected per context. These intelligent devices not only gather information from their environment but are also capable of taking deci- sions without human intervention. IoT technology is being used in our day-to-day life for unlocking the door without a key; in card recognizers, automatic locks, vehicle detecting systems, toll payment system; and for tracking animals, access control, payment systems, contactless smart cards, anti-theft devices, steering column reader, etc. The IoT building blocks will come from those that are web-enabled devices, providing common platforms on which they can communicate, and develop new applications to capture new users. In this background, this book is an attempt to present updated information on the recent trends on the issues involved, highlighting the challenges involved, and source the solutions for some of these challenges. The book comprises 14 chapters. The chapterwise description of contents in the volume is as follows. For seamless visual tracking of passengers traveling in a vehicle, the visual light trans- mission (VLT) and visual light re ectance (VRT) values of the glass windows used in the vehicle should be at a particular value. All vehicle manufacturers follow certain standards. But the vehicle owner/user generally buys window-tinting lms from the gray market and pastes the same on the glass windows, which in turn hamper the visibility, thereby preventing the law enforcement authorities from having a clear view of those traveling in the vehicle. In Chapter 1, a proposal for the automatic detection of tint level for vehi- cles is presented. The system has been designed using ordinary cameras that work in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The system is capable of identifying a vehicle’s registered number using algorithms developed for this purpose. Various ltering techniques are applied to nd the level of tint from the captured camera images. Using three different techniques, namely, color segmentation, contour detection, and histogram analysis, the tint level of windshield/window region is estimated. Thus, the IoT system recognizes the numbers on the number plate and can fetch the contact details of the owner from the database. It also communicates the same information to the owner with details on and extent of tint level violation along with documentary evidence.