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DW1000 User Manual

Version 2.18

DW1000 USER MANUAL

HOW TO USE, CONFIGURE AND

PROGRAM THE DW1000 UWB

TRANSCEIVER

This document is subject to change without notice

DW1000 User Manual  
 
 
© Decawave Ltd 2017 
Subject to change without notice 
Version 2.18 
Page i 
 
Table of Contents 
 
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................ II 
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................... III 
INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1 
1  ABOUT THE DW1000 ...................................... 1 
2  ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT .................................... 1 
OVERVIEW OF THE DW1000 .............................. 4 
1  INTRODUCTION ................................................ 4 
2  INTERFACING TO THE DW1000 .......................... 4 
3  DW1000 OPERATIONAL STATES ........................ 8 
4  POWER ON RESET (POR) ................................ 12 
5  DEFAULT CONFIGURATION ON POWER UP .......... 14 
MESSAGE TRANSMISSION ................................ 19 
1  BASIC TRANSMISSION ...................................... 19 
2  TRANSMISSION TIMESTAMP .............................. 20 
3  DELAYED TRANSMISSION ................................. 20 
4  EXTENDED LENGTH DATA FRAMES ..................... 21 
5  HIGH SPEED TRANSMISSION ............................. 23 
MESSAGE RECEPTION ....................................... 26 
1  BASIC RECEPTION ........................................... 26 
2  DELAYED RECEIVE ........................................... 29 
3  DOUBLE RECEIVE BUFFER................................. 29 
4  LOW-POWER LISTENING .................................. 33 
5  LOW-POWER SNIFF MODE .............................. 35 
6  DIAGNOSTICS ................................................ 38 
7  ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF RECEPTION AND THE RX 
TIMESTAMP ................................................................ 38 
MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL (MAC) HARDWARE 
FEATURES ................................................................. 42 
1  CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK ............................. 42 
2  FRAME FILTERING ........................................... 42 
3  AUTOMATIC ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................... 44 
4  TRANSMIT AND AUTOMATICALLY WAIT FOR RESPONSE

OTHER FEATURES OF THE DW1000 ................... 49 
1  EXTERNAL SYNCHRONISATION ........................... 49 
2  EXTERNAL POWER AMPLIFICATION .................... 52 
3  USING THE ON-CHIP OTP MEMORY ................... 52 
4  MEASURING IC TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE ...... 55 
THE DW1000 REGISTER SET .............................. 57 
1  REGISTER MAP OVERVIEW ................................ 57 
2  DETAILED REGISTER DESCRIPTION ...................... 59 
DW1000 CALIBRATION ................................... 197 
1  IC CALIBRATION – CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR TRIM ... 197 
2  IC CALIBRATION – TRANSMIT POWER AND SPECTRUM

3  IC CALIBRATION – ANTENNA DELAY ................. 202 
OPERATIONAL DESIGN CHOICES WHEN 
EMPLOYING THE DW1000....................................... 205 
1  OPERATING RANGE ....................................... 205 
2  CHANNEL AND BANDWIDTH SELECTION ............. 205 
3  CHOICE OF DATA RATE, PREAMBLE LENGTH AND PRF

4  POWER CONSUMPTION .................................. 206 
5  NODE DENSITY AND AIR UTILISATION ................ 206 
6  LOW–DUTY CYCLE – AIR TIME .......................... 207 
7  LOCATION SCHEMES ...................................... 208 
8  GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS............................. 209 
APPENDIX 1: THE IEEE 802.15.4 UWB PHYSICAL 
LAYER ..................................................................... 211 
1  FRAME STRUCTURE OVERVIEW ........................ 211 
2  DATA MODULATION SCHEME .......................... 211 
3  SYNCHRONISATION HEADER MODULATION SCHEME

4  PHY HEADER ............................................... 213 
5  UWB CHANNELS AND PREAMBLE CODES ........... 214 
6  ADDITIONAL DETAILS ON THE STANDARD ........... 215 
APPENDIX 2: THE IEEE 802.15.4 MAC LAYER ... 216 
1  GENERAL MAC MESSAGE FORMAT .................. 216 
2  THE FRAME CONTROL FIELD IN THE MAC HEADER 217 
3  THE SEQUENCE NUMBER FIELD ....................... 219 
4  MAC LEVEL PROCESSING IN THE DW1000........ 220 
APPENDIX 3: TWO-WAY RANGING ................. 221 
1  INTRODUCTION ............................................ 221 
2  SINGLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING .................. 221 
3  DOUBLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING ................ 223 
APPENDIX 4: DECODING PART/CHIP AND LOT ID 
IN DW1000 OTP ...................................................... 229 
APPENDIX 5: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

APPENDIX 6: REFERENCES .............................. 235 
DOCUMENT HISTORY ..................................... 235 
CHANGE LOG .................................................. 235 
FURTHER INFORMATION ................................ 243 

DW1000 User Manual  
 
 
© Decawave Ltd 2017 
Subject to change without notice 
Version 2.18 
Page ii 
 
List of Figures 
 
FIGURE 1: SPI READ AND WRITE TRANSACTIONS ..................... 5 
FIGURE 2: SINGLE OCTET HEADER OF THE NON-INDEXED SPI 
TRANSACTION ........................................................... 6 
FIGURE 3: EXAMPLE NON-INDEXED READ OF THE DEVICE ID 
REGISTER (0X00) ...................................................... 6 
FIGURE 4:  TWO OCTET HEADER OF THE SHORT INDEXED SPI 
TRANSACTION ........................................................... 6 
FIGURE 5: EXAMPLE SHORT-INDEXED READ OF 3
RD
 AND 4
TH
 OCTETS 
OF REGISTER 0X00 .................................................... 7 
FIGURE 6:  THREE OCTET HEADER OF THE LONG INDEXED SPI 
TRANSACTION ........................................................... 7 
FIGURE 7:  EXAMPLE LONG-INDEXED WRITE OF ONE OCTET TO 
INDEX 310 OF THE TX BUFFER ..................................... 7 
FIGURE 8:  DW1000 STATE DIAGRAM .................................. 9 
FIGURE 9:  TIMING DIAGRAM AND POWER PROFILE FOR COLD 
START POR ............................................................ 13 
FIGURE 10: TRANSMIT FRAME FORMAT ............................... 19 
FIGURE 11:  BASIC TRANSMIT SEQUENCE ............................. 19 
FIGURE 12 :  PHR ENCODING EXTENDED LENGTH DATA FRAMES
 ........................................................................... 22 
FIGURE 13: BASIC RECEIVE SEQUENCE .................................. 26 
FIGURE 14: FLOW CHART FOR USING DOUBLE RX BUFFERING ... 32 
FIGURE 15 :  TRXOFF IN DOUBLE-BUFFERED MODE ............. 33 
FIGURE 16  LOW POWER LISTENING WITH TWO SLEEP TIMES .... 34 
FIGURE 17  POWER PROFILE FOR LOW POWER LISTENING MODE 
WHERE NO FRAME IS RECEIVED ................................... 35 
FIGURE 18: STATE TRANSITIONS DURING SNIFF MODE ........... 36 
FIGURE 19  POWER PROFILE FOR SNIFF WHERE A FRAME IS NOT 
RECEIVED ............................................................... 37 
FIGURE 20  POWER PROFILE FOR SNIFF WHERE A FRAME IS 
RECEIVED ............................................................... 37 
FIGURE 21: POWER PROFILE FOR LOW DUTY-CYCLE SNIFF WHERE 
A FRAME IS NOT RECEIVED ......................................... 38 
FIGURE 22:  ESTIMATED RX LEVEL VERSUS ACTUAL RX LEVEL .... 41 
FIGURE 23: DW1000 EXTERNAL SYNCHRONISATION INTERFACE
 ............................................................................ 49 
FIGURE 24: SYNCHRONISED TRANSMISSION .......................... 50 
FIGURE 25:  OSRS MODE RECEIVE TIMEBASE SYNCHRONISATION
 ............................................................................ 51 
FIGURE 26:  TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL OCTET .................. 103 
FIGURE 27: COMBINING EDG1 AND EDV2 TO GIVE AN ED NOISE 
FIGURE ................................................................ 121 
FIGURE 28: FLOW CHART FOR DIRECT READ OF AON ADDRESS 164 
FIGURE 29:  PPM VS CRYSTAL TRIM SETTING, V
BATT
= 3.3 V . 199 
FIGURE 30:  TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE ANTENNA DELAY ......... 203 
FIGURE 31:  UWB PHY FRAME STRUCTURE ....................... 211 
FIGURE 32:- BPM/BPSK DATA AND PHR MODULATION ...... 211 
FIGURE 33: PHR BIT ASSIGNMENT .................................... 214 
FIGURE 34: GENERAL MAC MESSAGE FORMAT ................... 216 
FIGURE 35: MAC MESSAGE FRAME CONTROL FIELD .............. 217 
FIGURE 36: SINGLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING ................... 221 
FIGURE 37: DOUBLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING WITH FOUR 
MESSAGES ............................................................ 223 
FIGURE 38: DOUBLE-SIDED TWO-WAY RANGING WITH THREE 
MESSAGES ............................................................ 223 
FIGURE 39: RANGING TO 3 ANCHORS WITH JUST 5 MESSAGES 
WHERE EACH ANCHOR CALCULATES ITS OWN RANGE RESULT
 .......................................................................... 227 
FIGURE 40 CONVERSION TABLE......................................... 229 
FIGURE 41  CONVERSION EXAMPLE LOT ID ........................ 230 
FIGURE 42  CONVERSION PART ID / CHIP ID .................... 230 

DW1000 User Manual  
 
 
© Decawave Ltd 2017 
Subject to change without notice 
Version 2.18 
Page iii 
 
List of Tables 
TABLE 1: MAIN DW1000 OPERATIONAL STATES / MODES ...... 10 
TABLE 2:  MODE 2 EXCERPT FROM DW1000 DATA SHEET 
OPERATIONAL MODES TABLE .................................... 15 
TABLE 3: GPIO DEFAULT FUNCTIONS .................................. 15 
TABLE 4: REGISTER ACCESSES REQUIRED TO LOAD LDE MICROCODE
 ........................................................................... 18 
TABLE 5:  PREAMBLE DURATION FIELD VALUES IN EXTENDED 
LENGTH DATA FRAME PHR ...................................... 22 
TABLE 6: RECOMMENDED PAC SIZE .................................... 26 
TABLE 7: REGISTERS IN THE RX DOUBLE-BUFFERED SWINGING-SET
 ........................................................................... 30 
TABLE 8: AUTO-ACK PREAMBLE LENGTH DEPENDING ON RXPSR 
AND RXPACC ........................................................ 45 
TABLE 9: AUTO-ACK PREAMBLE LENGTH SELECTION IN EXTENDED 
LENGTH FRAMES MODE ............................................ 45 
TABLE 10: OTP MEMORY MAP ........................................... 53 
TABLE 11: OTP_SRDAT REGISTER .................................... 54 
TABLE 12: REGISTER ACCESSES REQUIRED TO PROGRAM THE OTP
 ........................................................................... 54 
TABLE 13:  AN EXAMPLE OF REGISTER ACCESSES REQUIRED TO 
READ FROM OTP .................................................... 55 
TABLE 14: AN EXAMPLE OF REGISTER ACCESSES TO PERFORM A 
READ OF THE TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SENSORS ...... 56 
TABLE 15: REGISTER MAP OVERVIEW ................................... 57 
TABLE 16: PREAMBLE LENGTH SELECTION ............................. 71 
TABLE 17: PREAMBLE LENGTH REPORTING ............................ 89 
TABLE 18:  RXPACC ADJUSTMENTS BY SFD CODE................. 92 
TABLE 19:  REFERENCE VALUES FOR REGISTER FILE: 0X1E – 
TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL, FOR SMART TRANSMIT 
POWER CONTROL ................................................. 107 
TABLE 20: REFERENCE VALUES REGISTER FILE: 0X1E – TRANSMIT 
POWER CONTROL FOR MANUAL TRANSMIT POWER 
CONTROL (SMART TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL DISABLED)
 ......................................................................... 107 
TABLE 21: RECOMMENDED SFD SEQUENCE CONFIGURATIONS 
FOR BEST PERFORMANCE ........................................ 115 
TABLE 22: OTHER POSSIBLE SFD SEQUENCE CONFIGURATIONS
 ......................................................................... 116 
TABLE 23: REGISTER FILE: 0X23 –AGC CONFIGURATION AND 
CONTROL OVERVIEW .............................................. 117 
TABLE 24: SUB-REGISTER 0X23:04 – AGC_TUNE1 VALUES 119 
TABLE 25: SUB-REGISTER 0X23:0C – AGC_TUNE2 VALUES 119 
TABLE 26: SUB-REGISTER 0X23:12 – AGC_TUNE3 VALUES 120 
TABLE 27: SCALING FACTOR FOR CHANNEL NOISE ENERGY 
ESTIMATION ......................................................... 121 
TABLE 28: REGISTER FILE: 0X26 – GPIO CONTROL AND STATUS 
OVERVIEW ........................................................... 125 
TABLE 29: REGISTER FILE: 0X27 – DIGITAL RECEIVER 
CONFIGURATION OVERVIEW ..................................... 138 
TABLE 30: SUB-REGISTER 0X27:02 – DRX_TUNE0B VALUES139 
TABLE 31: SUB-REGISTER 0X27:04 – DRX_TUNE1AVALUES 141 
TABLE 32: SUB-REGISTER 0X27:06 – DRX_TUNE1B VALUES141 
TABLE 33: SUB-REGISTER 0X27:08 – DRX_TUNE2VALUES . 142 
TABLE 34: REGISTER 0X27:26 DRX_TUNE4H VALUES ........ 144 
TABLE 35: CONSTANTS FOR FREQUENCY OFFSET CALCULATION 145 
TABLE 36: REGISTER FILE: 0X28 – ANALOG RF CONFIGURATION 
BLOCK OVERVIEW .................................................. 146 
TABLE 37: SUB-REGISTER 0X28:0B– RF_RXCTRLH VALUES 148 
TABLE 38: SUB-REGISTER 0X28:0C– RF_TXCTRL VALUES ... 148 
TABLE 39: REGISTER FILE: 0X2A – TRANSMITTER CALIBRATION 
BLOCK OVERVIEW .................................................. 151 
TABLE 40: SUB-REGISTER 0X2A:0B – TC_PGDELAY 
RECOMMENDED VALUES ......................................... 155 
TABLE 41: SUB-REGISTER 0X2A:0C – TC_PGTEST ............ 156 
TABLE 42: REGISTER FILE: 0X2B – FREQUENCY SYNTHESISER 
CONTROL BLOCK OVERVIEW ..................................... 156 
TABLE 43: SUB-REGISTER 0X2B:07 – FS_PLLCFG VALUES ... 157 
TABLE 44: SUB-REGISTER 0X2B:0B – FS_PLLTUNE VALUES 158 
TABLE 45: REGISTER FILE: 0X2C – ALWAYS-ON SYSTEM CONTROL 
OVERVIEW............................................................ 159 
TABLE 46: CONFIGURATIONS MAINTAINED IN THE AON MEMORY 
ARRAY................................................................. 163 
TABLE 47: REGISTER FILE: 0X2D – OTP MEMORY INTERFACE 
OVERVIEW............................................................ 168 
TABLE 48: RECEIVER OPERATING PARAMETER SETS ............... 173 
TABLE 49: REGISTER FILE: 0X2E – LEADING EDGE DETECTION 
INTERFACE OVERVIEW ............................................ 174 
TABLE 50: SUB-REGISTER 0X2E:1806– LDE_CFG2 VALUES. 177 
TABLE 51: SUB-REGISTER 0X2E:2804 – LDE_REPC VALUES 177 
TABLE 52: REGISTER FILE: 0X2F – DIGITAL DIAGNOSTICS 
INTERFACE OVERVIEW ............................................ 178 
TABLE 53: REGISTER FILE: 0X36 – POWER MANAGEMENT AND 
SYSTEM CONTROL OVERVIEW .................................. 188 
TABLE 54: REGISTER ACCESSES REQUIRED FOR TRANSMITTER 
CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE ................................... 200 
TABLE 55:  RECOMMENDED RX POWER LEVEL FOR ANTENNA 
CALIBRATION ........................................................ 203 
TABLE 56:  RECOMMENDED TX-RX SEPARATION FOR ANTENNA 
CALIBRATION ........................................................ 203 
TABLE 57: RECOMMENDED PREAMBLE LENGTHS .................. 206 
TABLE 58: TRANSMISSIONS PER SECOND USING ALOHA ....... 207 
TABLE 59: TECHNIQUES TO SAVE POWER IN RECEIVING .......... 209 
TABLE 60: PREAMBLE PARAMETERS ................................... 213 