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Git Magic
Ben Lynn
Git Magic
by Ben Lynn
Revision History
August 2007 Revised by: BL
Table of Contents
Preface .......................................................................................................................................................vi
1. Thanks!..........................................................................................................................................vi
2. License ........................................................................................................................................ vii
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Work is Play ................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Version Control ...........................................................................................................................1
1.3. Distributed Control......................................................................................................................1
1.4. A Silly Superstition.....................................................................................................................2
1.5. Merge Conflicts...........................................................................................................................3
2. Basic Tricks ............................................................................................................................................4
2.1. Saving State.................................................................................................................................4
2.2. Add, Delete, Rename ..................................................................................................................4
2.3. Advanced Undo/Redo .................................................................................................................5
2.4. Reverting .....................................................................................................................................6
2.5. Changelog Generation.................................................................................................................6
2.6. Downloading Files ......................................................................................................................6
2.7. The Bleeding Edge......................................................................................................................7
2.8. Instant Publishing........................................................................................................................7
2.9. What Have I Done? .....................................................................................................................8
2.10. Exercise.....................................................................................................................................8
3. Cloning Around ...................................................................................................................................10
3.1. Sync Computers ........................................................................................................................10
3.2. Classic Source Control..............................................................................................................10
3.3. Secret Source.............................................................................................................................11
3.4. Bare repositories .......................................................................................................................12
3.5. Push versus pull.........................................................................................................................12
3.6. Forking a Project.......................................................................................................................12
3.7. Ultimate Backups......................................................................................................................13
3.8. Light-Speed Multitask...............................................................................................................13
3.9. Guerilla Version Control ...........................................................................................................13
3.10. Mercurial.................................................................................................................................14
3.11. Bazaar......................................................................................................................................15
3.12. Why I use Git ..........................................................................................................................15
4. Branch Wizardry .................................................................................................................................17
4.1. The Boss Key ............................................................................................................................17
4.2. Dirty Work ................................................................................................................................18
4.3. Quick Fixes ...............................................................................................................................18
4.4. Merging.....................................................................................................................................19
4.5. Uninterrupted Workflow ...........................................................................................................20
4.6. Reorganizing a Medley .............................................................................................................21
4.7. Managing Branches...................................................................................................................21
4.8. Temporary Branches .................................................................................................................22
4.9. Work How You Want ................................................................................................................22
iii
5. Lessons of History................................................................................................................................23
5.1. I Stand Corrected ......................................................................................................................23
5.2. . . . And Then Some...................................................................................................................23
5.3. Local Changes Last...................................................................................................................24
5.4. Rewriting History......................................................................................................................25
5.5. Making History .........................................................................................................................25
5.6. Where Did It All Go Wrong?....................................................................................................27
5.7. Who Made It All Go Wrong? ...................................................................................................27
5.8. Personal Experience..................................................................................................................28
6. Multiplayer Git ....................................................................................................................................29
6.1. Who Am I?................................................................................................................................29
6.2. Git Over SSH, HTTP ................................................................................................................29
6.3. Git Over Anything.....................................................................................................................30
6.4. Patches: The Global Currency ..................................................................................................30
6.5. Sorry, We’ve Moved..................................................................................................................31
6.6. Remote Branches ......................................................................................................................32
6.7. Multiple Remotes......................................................................................................................33
6.8. My Preferences .........................................................................................................................33
7. Git Grandmastery................................................................................................................................35
7.1. Source Releases.........................................................................................................................35
7.2. Commit What Changed.............................................................................................................35
7.3. My Commit Is Too Big!............................................................................................................35
7.4. The Index: Git’s Staging Area ..................................................................................................36
7.5. Don’t Lose Your HEAD............................................................................................................36
7.6. HEAD-hunting ..........................................................................................................................37
7.7. Building On Git.........................................................................................................................38
7.8. Daring Stunts.............................................................................................................................39
7.9. Preventing Bad Commits ..........................................................................................................39
8. Secrets Revealed...................................................................................................................................41
8.1. Invisibility .................................................................................................................................41
8.2. Integrity.....................................................................................................................................41
8.3. Intelligence................................................................................................................................41
8.4. Indexing.....................................................................................................................................42
8.5. Git’s Origins..............................................................................................................................42
8.6. The Object Database .................................................................................................................42
8.7. Blobs .........................................................................................................................................42
8.8. Trees ..........................................................................................................................................43
8.9. Commits ....................................................................................................................................44
8.10. Indistinguishable From Magic ................................................................................................45
A. Git Shortcomings ................................................................................................................................47
A.1. SHA1 Weaknesses....................................................................................................................47
A.2. Microsoft Windows..................................................................................................................47
A.3. Unrelated Files .........................................................................................................................47
A.4. Who’s Editing What?...............................................................................................................47
A.5. File History...............................................................................................................................48
A.6. Initial Clone..............................................................................................................................48
iv
A.7. Volatile Projects........................................................................................................................48
A.8. Global Counter .........................................................................................................................49
A.9. Empty Subdirectories ...............................................................................................................49
A.10. Initial Commit ........................................................................................................................49
A.11. Interface Quirks......................................................................................................................50
B. Translating This Guide.......................................................................................................................51
v
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