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摘 要
阀门在国民经济的各个部门中有着广泛的应用。阀门安装在各种管路系统中用于控
制流体的压力，流量和流向。由于流体的压力、流量、温度和物理化学性质的不同，对
流体系统的控制要求和使用要求也不同，所以阀门的种类和品种规格非常多。
本文着重介绍了闸阀，对闸阀的各种重要组成部件进行验算，以达到理论上验算合
格才可使用。在计算时，严格按照参考书及手册的步骤核算，同时应保证所设计产品的
材料低廉。
关键词： 阀门，闸阀，计算。
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Abstract
The valve in the various sectors of the national economy has been widely used. Valve
installed in the various kinds of piping system is used to control the fluid pressure, flow and
direction of flow. Due to the fluid pressure, flow rate, temperature and different physical and
chemical properties, of the fluid system control demands and use is also different, so the
valve types and varieties of specifications.
This paper emphatically introduces the gate, the gate of a variety of important
components for calculation, theoretical calculation is eligible to use in order to achieve. In
computing, in strict accordance with the reference and the steps of the manual, and shall
ensure that the design product material is low.
Keywords：Valve, Slide Valve, Account.
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目录
摘 要 ..................................................................................................................................1
Abstract ..............................................................................................................................2
第一章 绪 论 ....................................................................................................................6
1.1 闸阀的定义 ..........................................................................................................7
1.1.1 闸阀的种类 ............................................................................................7
1.1.2 闸阀的密封原理和特点 ........................................................................8
1.1.3 闸阀优点 ................................................................................................8
1.1.4 闸阀的缺点 ............................................................................................8
1.2 选题意义 ..............................................................................................................9
1.3 国内外阀门的发展 .............................................................................................9
1.3.1 国外阀门的发展 ......................................................................................9
1.3.2 国内阀门的发展 ....................................................................................10
第二章 双缸式气动楔式闸阀结构及使用注意事项.....................................................12
2.1 工作原理及特点 ...............................................................................................12
2.1.1 双层气缸和缓冲机构 ............................................................................12
1.1.2 关阀时间可调 ........................................................................................12
1.1.3 可配用回讯器（见图 2） .....................................................................12
1.1.4 耐腐防蚀的气缸 ....................................................................................12
1.1.5 气缸中的密封圈 ....................................................................................12
2.2 气动阀的结构及使用方法 ...............................................................................14
2.2.1 气动阀的结构（见图 3） .....................................................................14
2.2.2 使用方法 ................................................................................................14
2.3 气动阀的维护注意事项 ....................................................................................14
第三章 阀体的设计与计算 ............................................................................................16
3.1 阀体的功能 .......................................................................................................16
3.2 阀体的选材 .......................................................................................................16
3.3 阀体的结构形式和制造方法 ...........................................................................17
3.4 确定阀体的结构长度和连接尺寸....................................................................17
3.5 结构设计与计算 ...............................................................................................18
3.5.1 阀座密封面的设计与计算.....................................................................18
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3.6 阀体壁厚的设计与计算 ...................................................................................20
3.7 中法兰的设计与计算 .......................................................................................21
3.7.1 中腔尺寸 DN 确定 ................................................................................21
3.7.2 中法兰垫片尺寸和材料的选择.............................................................21
3.7.3 中法兰结构尺寸的确定 ........................................................................21
3.7.4 螺栓的总计算载荷 ................................................................................22
第四章 闸板的设计与计算 ............................................................................................25
4.1 闸板密封面宽度和内径的选取........................................................................25
4.2 闸板与阀体档宽及相应公差的计算................................................................25
4.3 闸板主要结构尺寸的确定 ...............................................................................26
4.3.1 闸板与阀杆头部相配合的 T 型槽尺寸...............................................26
4.3.2 闸板密封面外径 ....................................................................................27
4.3.3 闸板其他机构尺寸 ................................................................................27
4.4 闸板密封面比压计算 .......................................................................................27
4.5 闸板强度的校核 ...............................................................................................28
第五章 阀杆的设计与计算 ............................................................................................29
5.1 阀杆总轴向力 ...................................................................................................29
5.1.1 关闭时楔式闸阀作用于阀杆上的力.....................................................29
5.1.2 开启时楔式闸板作用于阀杆的力.......................................................29
5.2 阀杆的直径估算 ...............................................................................................30
5.3 阀杆的强度校核 ...............................................................................................30
5.3.1 阀杆的总扭矩 ........................................................................................30
5.3.2 阀杆的强度计算 ..................................................................................31
5.4 阀杆的稳定性校核 ...........................................................................................32
5.4.1 影响因素 ................................................................................................32
5.4.2 上阀杆的稳定性校核 ............................................................................33
5.4.3 下阀杆的稳定性校核 ............................................................................34
5.5 阀杆主要尺寸的确定 .......................................................................................34
5.5.1 下阀杆端部结构尺寸 ............................................................................34
5.5.2 下阀杆头部结构尺寸 ............................................................................35
5.5.3 上阀杆的结构尺寸 ................................................................................35
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第六章 阀盖及填料装置的设计与计算.........................................................................36
6.1 阀盖的设计与计算 ...........................................................................................36
6.2 填料压盖的设计与计算 ...................................................................................37
6.2.1 填料选择及填料函尺寸的确定.............................................................37
6.2.2 填料压盖的设计与强度校核.................................................................38
6.2.3 活节螺栓的设计与强度校核.................................................................40
6.2.4 销的选择与校核 ....................................................................................41
6.3 上密封座尺寸 ...................................................................................................41
第七章 气缸的设计与计算 ............................................................................................42
7.1 气缸的直径粗估算与选取 ...............................................................................42
7.2 气缸的校核 .......................................................................................................42
第八章 其他主要零件的设计与校核.............................................................................44
8.1 滚动轴承的选取 .............................................................................................44
8.2 阀杆螺母的校核 .............................................................................................44
8.3 上活塞与 T 型槽接头连接螺栓的校核........................................................45
第九章 结论 ....................................................................................................................46
致 谢 ................................................................................................................................47
参考文献 ..........................................................................................................................48
