**大学
毕 业 设 计（论 文）说 明 书
题 目 铣 削 组 合 机 床 及
其 主 轴 组 件 设 计
系 别 机 电 工 程 系
专 业 班 级 机 械 设 计 制 造 及 其
自 动 化
1
摘 要
组合机床，是由大量的通用部件和少量专用部件组成的工序集中的高效率机床。
其特点有：结构紧凑、工作质量可靠、设计和制造周期短、投资少、经济效果好、生
产率高等。
本次设计的题目是铣削组合机床及主轴组件。首先针对所要加工的零件入手，对
机床进行总体方案设计，进而确定机床的总体布局，随后，对主轴组件进行设计。在
设计主轴组件时，以主轴为线索，在满足刚度、精度等要求下，完成其它（如轴承、
轴向调节机构、锁紧机构等）所有零件的设计。
关键词：组合机床，主轴组件，刚度，主轴，轴承，轴向调节机构
2
ABSTRACT
Modular Machine, by the large number of common parts and a small number of
specialized components of the process focused efficient machine. Its features include :
compact, reliable quality, design and manufacturing cycle shorter, less investment and
economic effects, and higher productivity .
The design is the subject of combined milling machine spindle components. First in
response to the processing of parts, the paper machine for the overall program design, which
will determine the overall layout of the machine. Subsequently, the spindle components of the
design. Spindle components in the design, a spindle for clues to meet stiffness and precision
requirements, the completion of the other (eg, bearings, Axial adjustment, locking, etc.) all
parts of the design.
Keywords: Modular Machine, spindle components, stiffness, spindle, bearings, axial
adjustment
目 录
摘要................................................................................................................................1
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................2
前言 ................................................................................................................................Ⅰ
第1章 机床总体设计 ...................................................................................................1
1.1 机床总体方案设计的依据 .............................................................................1
1.1.1工件 .....................................................................................................1
1.1.2刀具 .....................................................................................................1
1.2工艺分析 ...................................................................................................1
1.2.1工艺方法的确定 ......................................................................................1
1.2.2 机床总体布局 .....................................................................................2
1.2.3 机床运动的确定 ..................................................................................2
1.3机床主要技术参数的确定 ............................................................................3
1.3.1确定工件余量 ......................................................................................3
1.3.2选择切削用量 ......................................................................................3
1.3.3运动参数 ............................................................................................3
1.3.3.1主轴最高，最低转速........................................................................3
1.3.3.2主轴转速的合理排列........................................................................4
1.3.4 动力参数—主运动驱动电动机功率的确定 .................................................4
1.3.4.1切削力的计算.................................................................................5
1.3.4.2切削功率的计算..............................................................................5
1.3.4.3估算电动机功率..............................................................................5
1.3.4.4选择主电机....................................................................................5
1.4进给驱动电动机功率的确定 ......................................................................5
第2章 主轴组件设计 ...................................................................................................6
2.1主轴的基本要求 ........................................................................................6
2.1.1旋转精度 ............................................................................................6
2.1.2刚度 ..................................................................................................6
2.1.3抗振性 ...............................................................................................7
2.1.3.1抵抗受迫振动的能力........................................................................8
2.1.3.2抵抗切削自激振动的能力..................................................................8
2.1.4温升和热变形 ......................................................................................8
2.1.5耐磨性 ...............................................................................................9
2.1.6其他 ..................................................................................................9
2.2主轴组件的布局 ........................................................................................9
2.2.1适应刚度和承载能力的要求...................................................................10
2.2.2适应转速要求.....................................................................................11
2.2.3适应精度的要求..................................................................................11
2.2.4适应结构的要求..................................................................................11
2.2.5适应经济性要求..................................................................................11
2.3主轴结构的初步拟定 .................................................................................12
2.4主轴的材料与热处理 .................................................................................13
2.5主轴的技术要求 .......................................................................................13
2.5.1轴颈 ................................................................................................13
2.5.2内锥孔..............................................................................................14
2.6主轴组件的计算 .......................................................................................14
2.6.1主轴直径的选择..................................................................................14
2.6.2主轴前后支承轴承的选择......................................................................15
2.6.2.1主轴前支承轴承的选择 ...................................................................15
2.6.2.2主轴后支承轴承的选择 ...................................................................16
2.6.3主轴内孔直径.....................................................................................16
2.6.4主轴前端悬伸量..................................................................................17
2.6.5主轴支承跨距.....................................................................................18
2.7主轴结构图 .............................................................................................18
2.8主轴组件的验算 .......................................................................................18
2.8.1主轴端部挠度.....................................................................................19
2.8.1.1支承的简化 ..................................................................................19
2.8.1.2主轴的挠度 ..................................................................................20
2.8.1.3主轴倾角 .....................................................................................20
2.9主轴组件的润滑和密封 ..............................................................................21
2.9.1主轴轴承的润滑..................................................................................21
2.9.2主轴组件的密封..................................................................................21
2.9.2.1主轴组件密封装置的功用 ................................................................22
2.9.2.2对主轴组件密封装置的要求 .............................................................22
2.9.2.3主轴组件密封装置的类型 ................................................................22
2.9.2.4主轴组件密封装置的选择 ................................................................22
2.10主轴组件中相关部件 ...............................................................................23
