机械电气工程学院本科毕业设计(论文)
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完成日期： 2013年 6月
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摘 要
电控高压共轨式燃油喷射系统是现代柴油机燃油系统的发展方向,为了研究其可靠性
,本研究给出了一个高压共轨系统可靠性测试平台的设计方案。该平台还可以和部件性能
试验平台相结合,进行部件的可靠性测试。在保证其他部件可靠的前提下,被测部件先在
该平台上进行长时间运行,然后再转到部件性能试验台上进行性能测试从而判断其可靠性
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根据系统部件的常见故障来设定系统的可靠性判据。被测的高压共轨系统由高压油泵、
高压油管、共轨管、喷油器组成。燃油进入高压油泵,经泵压缩后由高压油管进入共轨管
,最后从喷油器喷出。高压油泵的常见故障有密封不良与柱塞副咬死等,密封不良会导致
燃油泄漏,柱塞副咬死会导致油泵不供油,因而轨压会迅速下降,同时电机的驱动扭矩也会
迅速升高。高压油管的破裂将直接导致燃油泄漏,同时轨压也将迅速下降。喷油器常见的
故障有喷油器堵塞或泄漏、电磁线圈老化等,这些故障都将导致喷油量的不正常,通过比
较各缸喷油量可判断喷油器是否正常工作。故轨压稳定、各缸喷油量均匀、扭矩不超限
、没有泄漏时认为系统可靠。
关键词：液压 支架 有限元分析
Abstract
Common rail fuel electric controlled high-pressure injection system is the development
direction of modern diesel fuel injection system, in order to study the reliability, this study gives
the design scheme of a high pressure common rail system of reliability test platform. The
platform can also platform and components performance test combination, reliability testing of
component. Under the premise of ensuring other parts under the first reliable, long time running
on the platform components to be measured, then go to the component performance test bench
for performance testing to judge the reliability. To set the reliability criterion system according to
the common faults of the system components. High pressure common rail system was measured
by a high pressure oil pump, high pressure oil pipe, common rail pipe, an oil atomizer. The fuel
to the high-pressure pump, through the pump after compression by high-pressure tubing into the
common rail pipe, and finally from the injectors to spray. The common faults of high pressure oil
pump plunger pair has bad sealing and seizure, bad sealing lead to fuel leakage, will cause the
pump plunger pair killed no oil supply, so the rail pressure decreased rapidly, at the same time,
the driving torque of the motor will increase rapidly. Rupture of the high-pressure oil pipe will
lead directly to a fuel leak, and rail pressure will also decrease rapidly. The fault injector are
common injector blockage or leakage, electromagnetic coil aging, these faults will cause the fuel
injection quantity is not normal, by comparing the cylinder fuel injection quantity can determine
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a目 录
摘 要 ....................................................................1
目 录 ....................................................................3
第一章 绪论 .................................................................5
1.2 高压共轨燃油实验系统平台特点 .........................................5
1.3高压共轨燃油喷射系统主要部件介绍 ......................................6
1.3.1 高压油泵 ......................................................7
1.3.2 共轨管 .........................................................8
1.3.3 电控喷油器 ....................................................9
1.3.4 高压油管 .....................................................10
1.4 支架设计 ............................................................11
1.4.1支架的作用 .....................................................11
1.4.2支架的结构设计 .................................................12
1.4.3支架力学分析 ...................................................12
1.6液压传动的工作原理和组成 .............................................19
１.6.1工作原理 ......................................................19
1.6.2液压系统的基本组成 .............................................20
1.7液压传动的优缺点 .....................................................20
1.8 研究的内容 ..........................................................21
第二章 液压系统功能原理的设计 ..............................................22
2.1 明确技术要求 ........................................................22
2.2 执行元件的配置确定及动作顺序 .......................................22
2.3 确定液压系统主要参数 ................................................23
2.3.1 计算和确定液压缸的主要结构尺寸 ................................23
2.3.2 计算液压缸所需流量 ............................................24
2.4液压系统图的拟定 .....................................................25
2.4.1制定液压回路方案 ...............................................25
2.4.2原理草图的绘制 .................................................26
2.5 元件的选型与设计 ....................................................26
2.5.1 液压泵的选择 ..................................................27
2.5.2液压控制阀的选择 ...............................................28
2.5.3液压辅助元件及工作介质的选择 ...................................29
2.6 前景展望 ............................................................29
第三章 设计中的不足及要注意的问题 ..........................................30
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3.1 设计中的不足之处 ....................................................30
3.2 使用液压系统要注意的问题 ............................................30
参考文献 ...................................................................31
设计总结 ...................................................................32
