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分 类 号
密 级
宁
毕业设计(论文)
4LBZ-100型线材拉伸线材拉伸改进设计
所在学院
机械与电气工程学院
专 业
机械设计制造及其自动化
班 级
11机自x班
姓 名
学 号
指导老师
2015 年 3 月 31 日
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摘 要
线材拉伸的发展方向将是向高科技化方向发展，制造出适用性强的线材拉伸很有
发展市场，对不同地区开发出不同的线材拉伸是很有发展前途的。由此，相应的制造
出高性能的线材拉伸是国外收获机的发展概况。该线材拉伸线材拉伸可一次性完成拉
伸、线材拉伸、分离和装袋作业。该机体积小、重量轻，操作灵活，通过性与适应性
好，较好地解决了大、中型线材拉伸在丘陵、山区和水田难以拉伸的难题。线材拉伸
试验机适用于航空航天、石油化工、机械制造、金属材料及制品、电线电缆、橡塑胶
、纸品及彩印包装、胶粘带、箱包手袋、纺织纤维、食品、制药等行业。可测试各种
材料及成品、半成品的拉、压、弯、剪等物理性能，选购各种不同的夹具可做抗拉、
抗压、持拉、持压、抗弯、撕裂、剥离、黏着力、剪力等试验。拉伸试验是指在承受
轴向拉伸载荷下测定材料特性的试验方法。利用拉伸试验得到的数据可以确定材料的
弹性极限、伸长率、弹性模量、比例极限、面积缩减量、拉伸强度、屈服点、屈服强
度和其它拉伸性能指标。从高温下进行的拉伸试验可以得到蠕变数据。金属拉伸试验
的步骤可参见ASTM E-8标准。塑料拉伸试验的方法参见ASTM D-638标准、D-
2289标准（高应变率）和D-882标准（薄片材）。ASTM D-
2343标准规定了适用于玻璃纤维的拉伸试验方法；ASTM D-
897标准中规定了适用于粘结剂的拉伸试验方法；ASTM D-
412标准中规定了硬橡胶的拉伸试验方法。1.准备试件。用刻线机在原始标距 范围内
刻划圆周线（或用小钢冲打小冲点），将标距内分为等长的10格。用游标卡尺在试件
原始标距内的两端及中间处两个相互垂直的方向上各测一次直径，取其算术平均值作
为该处截面的直径，然后选用三处截面直径的最小值来计算试件的原始截面面积A。（
取三位有效数字）。
2.调整试验机。根据低碳钢的抗拉强度σb和原始横截面面积估算试件的最大载荷，
配置相应的摆锤，选择合适的测力度盘。开动试验机，使工作台上升10mm左右，以消
除工作台系统自重的影响。调整主动指针对准零点，从动指针与主动指针靠拢，调整
好自动绘图装置。
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3.装夹试件。先将试件装夹在上夹头内，再将下夹头移动到合适的夹持位置，最后
夹紧试件下端。
4.检查与试车。请实验指导教师检查以上步骤完成情况。开动试验机，预加少量载
荷（载荷对应的应力不能超过材料的比例极限），然后卸载到零，以检查试验机工作
是否正常。
5.进行试验。开动试验机，缓慢而均匀地加载，仔细观察测力指针转动和绘图装置
绘出
图的情况。注意捕捉屈服荷载值，将其记录下来用以计算屈服点应力值σS,屈服阶段注
意观察滑移现象。过了屈服阶段，加载速度可以快些。将要达到最大值时，注意观察“
缩颈”现象。试件断后立即停车，记录最大荷载值。
6.取下试件和记录纸。
7.用游标卡尺测量断后标距。
8.用游标卡尺测量缩颈处最小直径d1。
关键词：线材拉伸线材拉伸；线材拉伸； 改进设计
宁波大红鹰学院毕业设计（论文）
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Abstract
The development direction of harvester will be to high-tech direction, making out the
applicability of harvester is the development of the market, is very promising for different
regions developed different harvester. Thus, the corresponding manufacturing combine high
performance is the development of foreign harvester. The rice combine harvester can
complete harvesting, threshing, separation and bagging operations at one time. The machine
has the advantages of small volume, light weight, flexible operation, through and good
adaptability, can better solve the problem of big, medium-sized harvester to harvest in the
hilly, mountainous and paddy field. Thus, the corresponding manufacturing combine high
performance is the development of foreign harvester. The rice combine harvester can
complete harvesting, threshing, separation and bagging operations at one time. The machine
has the advantages of small volume, light weight, flexible operation, through and good
adaptability, can better solve the problem of big, medium-sized harvester to harvest in the
hilly, mountainous and paddy field.Thus, the corresponding manufacturing combine high
performance is the development of foreign harvester. The rice combine harvester can
complete harvesting, threshing, separation and bagging operations at one time. The machine
has the advantages of small volume, light weight, flexible operation, through and good
adaptability, can better solve the problem of big, medium-sized harvester to harvest in the
hilly, mountainous and paddy field.Thus, the corresponding manufacturing combine high
performance is the development of foreign harvester. The rice combine harvester can
complete harvesting, threshing, separation and bagging operations at one time. The machine
has the advantages of small volume, light weight, flexible operation, through and good
adaptability, can better solve the problem of big, medium-sized harvester to harvest in the
hilly, mountainous and paddy field.Thus, the corresponding manufacturing combine high
performance is the development of foreign harvester. The rice combine harvester can
complete harvesting, threshing, separation and bagging operations at one time. The machine
has the advantages of small volume, light weight, flexible operation, through and good
adaptability, can better solve the problem of big, medium-sized harvester to harvest in the
hilly, mountainous and paddy field.Thus, the corresponding manufacturing combine high
performance is the development of foreign harvester. The rice combine harvester can
complete harvesting, threshing, separation and bagging operations at one time. The machine
has the advantages of small volume, light weight, flexible operation, through and good
