摘 要
I
摘 要
除雪机械可应用于各种积雪的路面，由于我国北方地区特殊的气候，冬季降雪较多，
对北方冬季交通和人民日常生活有重要影响，所以除雪机械得到了广泛应用和较快发展。
相比融雪剂、物理微波、人工除雪、除雪机械应用的范围广、耗能低、效率高、无污染
等特点在国外发展迅速，然而我国除雪机械自主研发的产品功能单一、避让能力差、不
能实现一机多用造成大部分时间闲置，雪后能否快速、干净、高效的清除公路和道路的
积雪及其形成的冰雪混合物，已成为迫切需要解决的科学与技术课题。
本文在总结分析以往道路冰雪清除技术和原理的基础上，以硬质道路冰雪清除为主,
对道路冰雪混合物的物理和机械性能进行了试验与分析，形成了以破冰刀打击硬质混合
冰雪破碎清除为主要研究目标，且以经济、实用、除净率高、路面损伤小的新型除雪设
备设计为研究思路。在全面调研国内外除雪机械、综合对比分析国外除雪机装置的基础
上，确定研究方案，并用 Catia 软件建立除雪机工作装置的三维模型，并运用 Catia 软件
进行有限元分析。
关键词：除雪机；积雪的物理特性；传动原理；三维造型；有限元分析；
Abstract
II
Snow Plower Design
Abstract
Snow blower can be applied to the road of various snow, because the climate of our
country northern region is special and winter snow more, which has an important effect on the
traffic and daily life in the winter .snow blower has been applied in a wide range and has
developed fast. Snow blower has characteristics of large application range,low energy
consumption, and high efficiency, no pollution, to compare with using snowmelt agent
compared, physical microwave, artificial snow blower, it develop fast abroad, however,our
country develop snow blower which has single function, avoiding collision ability poorly,as it
can’t achieve a variety of functions to cause most of the time idle, whether cleaning the
mixture of ice and snow in the road and street quickly, neatly and efficiently after the snowing
has already been a science and technology project which is urgent to solve.
Based on the summarization and analysis of the previous technology and principle of
cleaning the snow on the road, taking the rigid road snow cleaning as the main content ,the
paper makes experiment and analysis on the physical and mechanical properties of the
mixture of ice and snow in the road and takes breaking the rigid mixture of ice and snow as
main research target, the new-style snow blower design which is
economic,practical,efficiently cleaning snow and low damage to the road as the research
thought.Based on the comprehensive survey of the domestic and international snow blower,
comparison and analysis on the foreign snow blower, the paper confirms the research
programme ， then utilize Catia to build the 3D model of snow blower and finite element
analysis.
Keywords: snow blower;physical property of snow;transmission principle;3D modeling;finite
element analysis
目 录
III
目 录
摘 要
..................................................................................................................................................
I
Abstract
...............................................................................................................................................
II
1 概述
.........................................................................................................................................
- 5 -
1.1 国内外除雪机现状及发展情况
..............................................................................
- 5 -
1.2 除雪方式及适用范围
...............................................................................................
- 6 -
1.3 除雪机的分类及特点
...............................................................................................
- 6 -
1.4 课题研究内容及意义
...............................................................................................
- 9 -
1.5 本章小结
....................................................................................................................
- 9 -
2 积雪和冰雪混合物的物理机械性能的参数分析
...........................................................
- 11 -
2.1 积雪和冰雪混合物的物理机械性质
...................................................................
- 11 -
2.1.1 积雪和冰雪混合物的密度
........................................................................
- 12 -
2.1.2 积雪和冰雪混合物的湿度
........................................................................
- 13 -
2.2 积雪和冰雪混合物的机械力学性能
...................................................................
- 13 -
2.2.1 积雪和冰雪混合物的抗压强度
...............................................................
- 13 -
2.2.2 积雪和冰雪混合物的抗剪强度
...............................................................
- 15 -
2.2.3 积雪和冰雪混合物的硬度
........................................................................
- 16 -
2.2.4 积雪和冰雪混合物的摩擦系数
...............................................................
- 17 -
2.2.5 积雪和冰雪混合物的导热系数
...............................................................
- 19 -
2.2.6 积雪和冰雪混合物的反射率
...................................................................
- 19 -
2.3 本章小结
..................................................................................................................
- 19 -
3 除雪装置的设计及其计算
.................................................................................................
- 20 -
3.1 整机结构设计
.........................................................................................................
- 20 -
3.1.1 除雪机械的选型及组合
............................................................................
- 20 -
3.1.2 主要技术参数的确定：
.............................................................................
- 20 -
3.2 动力源的选择
.........................................................................................................
- 21 -
3.3 刀辊轴装配设计
......................................................................................................
- 22 -
3.3.1 破冰刀的设计
..............................................................................................
- 22 -
3.3.2 刀辊轴设计
..................................................................................................
- 22 -
3.4 推雪板的设计
..........................................................................................................
- 24 -
3.5 路面清扫装置设计
..................................................................................................
- 25 -
3.6 挡雪板设计
..............................................................................................................
- 26 -
3.7 传动装置设计及各级传动比计算
.........................................................................
- 27 -
3.7.1 刀辊轴传动原理
.........................................................................................
- 27 -
3.7.2 清扫机构传动原理
.....................................................................................
- 28 -
3.8 本章小结
...................................................................................................................
- 29 -
4 主要部件有限元分析
..........................................................................................................
- 30 -
目 录
IV
4.1 概述
...........................................................................................................................
- 30 -
4.2 破冰刀的有限元分析
..............................................................................................
- 30 -
4.3 除雪机主梁的有限元分析
.....................................................................................
- 33 -
4.4 本章小结
...................................................................................................................
- 36 -
