docker入门知识总结，包括概述，安装，与基本的使用技巧入门资源-CSDN文库

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docker⼊门知识总结⼊门知识总结

DOCKER

1.概述概述

1.1 为什么要使⽤为什么要使⽤ docker

每次发布项⽬都要重新部署服务器，是否已经让你厌恶？项⽬发布能不能连同运⾏环境⼀起⾃动化部署？为了解决这个问题，docker出现了。

docker的灵感来⾃于集装箱，重点在于隔离机制，通过隔离机制能做到避免多个应⽤的端⼝冲突，实现单台服务器部署多个运⾏环境。

1.2 docker历史历史

诞⽣于2010年，⼏个搞IT的热⾎青年⾛到⼀起创办了dotCloud公司；

起初由于代码不开源，⾏业内并没有太多⼈使⽤docker；

2013年，docker决定开放源代码，随后使⽤docker的⼈越来越多；

docker是⼀种虚拟技术，但⼜不同于VMware，它是⼀种容器技术，⽐虚拟机要轻量得多。

1.3 ⽂档地址和仓库地址⽂档地址和仓库地址

2.安装安装

2.1 Docker基本组成基本组成

2.2 基本概念基本概念

镜像（Image）docker镜像好⽐是⼀个模板，可以通过这个模板来创建容器服务，通过这个镜像可以创建多个容器（最终服务运⾏或者项⽬运⾏就是在容器中的）。

容器（container）docker利⽤容器技术，独⽴运⾏⼀个或者⼀组应⽤，通过镜像来创建。

仓库（repository）存放镜像的地⽅，分为公有仓库和私有仓库。

2.3 安装步骤安装步骤

环境：centOS 7

# 以下内容为操作系统具体信息

uname -r

3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64

cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

# 1.卸载旧版本docker

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove docker \

> docker-client \

> docker-client-latest \

> docker-common \

> docker-latest \

> docker-latest-logrotate \

> docker-logrotate \

> docker-engine

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

No Match for argument: docker

No Match for argument: docker-client

No Match for argument: docker-client-latest

No Match for argument: docker-common

No Match for argument: docker-latest

No Match for argument: docker-latest-logrotate

No Match for argument: docker-logrotate

No Match for argument: docker-engine

No Packages marked for removal

# 2.安装yum相关的安装包

[root@localhost lib]# yum install yum-utils

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

Package yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

# 3.设置镜像仓库（此处最好⽤国内镜像，国外镜像速度不稳定）

[root@localhost lib]# yum-config-manager \

> --add-repo \

> http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

# 4.安装docker相关安装包

[root@localhost lib]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00

(1/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db | 55 kB 00:00:03

(2/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 55 B 00:00:03

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.4.3-3.1.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2:2.74 for package: containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libseccomp for package: containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el7.x86_64

---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.3-3.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-rootless-extras for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64

---> Package docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:20.10.3-3.el7 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 will be installed

---> Package docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:20.10.3-3.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: fuse-overlayfs >= 0.7 for package: docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: slirp4netns >= 0.4 for package: docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64

---> Package libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-4.el7 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3(FUSE_3.2)(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3(FUSE_3.0)(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3()(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64

---> Package slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

================================================================================================================================================================================

Installing:

containerd.io x86_64 1.4.3-3.1.el7 docker-ce-stable 33 M

docker-ce x86_64 3:20.10.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable 27 M

docker-ce-cli x86_64 1:20.10.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable 33 M

Installing for dependencies:

container-selinux noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 extras 40 k

docker-ce-rootless-extras x86_64 20.10.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable 9.0 M

fuse-overlayfs x86_64 0.7.2-6.el7_8 extras 54 k

fuse3-libs x86_64 3.6.1-4.el7 extras 82 k

libseccomp x86_64 2.3.1-4.el7 base 56 k

slirp4netns x86_64 0.4.3-4.el7_8 extras 81 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================================================================================================================

Install 3 Packages (+6 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 102 M

Installed size: 423 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

(1/9): container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch.rpm | 40 kB 00:00:00

warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/docker-ce-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEYB/s | 30 MB 00:00:20 ETA

Public key for docker-ce-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed

(2/9): docker-ce-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 27 MB 00:00:08

(3/9): docker-ce-cli-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 33 MB 00:00:09

(4/9): fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64.rpm | 54 kB 00:00:00

(5/9): slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64.rpm | 81 kB 00:00:00

(6/9): fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 82 kB 00:00:00

(7/9): libseccomp-2.3.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 56 kB 00:00:00

(8/9): docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 9.0 MB 00:00:02

(9/9): containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 33 MB 00:00:25

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 4.0 MB/s | 102 MB 00:00:25

Retrieving key from https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:

Userid : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"

Fingerprint: 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35

From : https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : libseccomp-2.3.1-4.el7.x86_64 1/9

Installing : 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch 2/9

Installing : containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el7.x86_64 3/9

Installing : slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64 4/9

Installing : 1:docker-ce-cli-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64 5/9

Installing : fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64 6/9

Installing : fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64 7/9

Installing : 3:docker-ce-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64 8/9

Installing : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64 9/9

Verifying : fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64 1/9

Verifying : 3:docker-ce-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64 2/9

Verifying : fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64 3/9

Verifying : slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64 4/9

Verifying : 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch 5/9

Verifying : libseccomp-2.3.1-4.el7.x86_64 6/9

Verifying : containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el7.x86_64 7/9

Verifying : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64 8/9

Verifying : 1:docker-ce-cli-20.10.3-3.el7.x86_64 9/9

Installed:

containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.4.3-3.1.el7 docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.3-3.el7 docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:20.10.3-3.el7

Dependency Installed:

container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:20.10.3-3.el7 fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8 fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7

libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-4.el7 slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8

Complete!

# 5.查看docker 版本

[root@localhost lib]# docker version

Client: Docker Engine - Community

Version: 20.10.3

API version: 1.41

Go version: go1.13.15

Git commit: 48d30b5

Built: Fri Jan 29 14:34:14 2021

OS/Arch: linux/amd64

Context: default

Experimental: true

Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

# 6.启动docker

[root@localhost lib]# systemctl start docker

# 7.运⾏hello-world镜像

[root@localhost lib]# docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally

latest: Pulling from library/hello-world

0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:95ddb6c31407e84e91a986b004aee40975cb0bda14b5949f6faac5d2deadb4b9

Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!

This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.

2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.

(amd64)

3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the

executable that produces the output you are currently reading.

4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it

to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:

$ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:

https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:

https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

# 8.查看hello-world镜像

[root@localhost docker]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB

如需卸载可执⾏以下命令

yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

rm -rf /var/lib/docker

2.4 docker为什么⽐虚拟机快为什么⽐虚拟机快

1. docker有着⽐虚拟机更少的抽象层

2. docker利⽤宿主机的内核，⽽VMware相当于重装⼀台电脑

3.命令命令

3.1 帮助命令帮助命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker info

Client:

Context: default

Debug Mode: false

Plugins:

app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)

buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)

Server:

Containers: 2

Running: 0

Paused: 0

Stopped: 2

Images: 1

Server Version: 20.10.3

Storage Driver: overlay2

Backing Filesystem: xfs

Supports d_type: true

Native Overlay Diff: true

Logging Driver: json-file

Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs

Cgroup Version: 1

Plugins:

Volume: local

Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay

Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog

Swarm: inactive

Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc

Default Runtime: runc

Init Binary: docker-init

containerd version: 269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b

runc version: ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff

init version: de40ad0

Security Options:

seccomp

Profile: default

Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64

Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

OSType: linux

Architecture: x86_64

CPUs: 1

Total Memory: 991.3MiB

Name: localhost.localdomain

ID: J6FX:JPAO:CN55:Z27Y:35FS:7LIE:NNJX:FDPN:REID:74WW:GT66:OZJM

Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker

Debug Mode: false

Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/

Labels:

Experimental: false

Insecure Registries:

127.0.0.0/8

Live Restore Enabled: false

[root@localhost ~]# docker version

Client: Docker Engine - Community

Version: 20.10.3

API version: 1.41

Go version: go1.13.15

Git commit: 48d30b5

Built: Fri Jan 29 14:34:14 2021

OS/Arch: linux/amd64

Context: default

Experimental: true

Server: Docker Engine - Community

Engine:

Version: 20.10.3

API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)

Go version: go1.13.15

Git commit: 46229ca

Built: Fri Jan 29 14:32:37 2021

OS/Arch: linux/amd64

Experimental: false

containerd:

Version: 1.4.3

GitCommit: 269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b

runc:

Version: 1.0.0-rc92

GitCommit: ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff

docker-init:

Version: 0.19.0

GitCommit: de40ad0

[root@localhost ~]# docker --help

Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:

--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")

-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")

-D, --debug Enable debug mode