International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & Engineering, ISSN: 2319-7463
Vol. 3 Issue 3, March-2014, pp: (470-477), Impact Factor: 1.252, Available online at: www.erpublications.com
Page | 470
Bluetooth Technology and Security - A Review
Ayush Bansal
1
, Sukhwinder Singh
2
Student
1
, Assistant Professor
2
12
E & EC Dept., PEC University of Technology, Sector-12, Chandigarh, INDIA
Abstract: Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-
wavelength radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz) from fixed and mobile devices, building personal
area networks (PANs). Invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless
alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization [7].
Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), which has more than 19,000 member
companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics. Bluetooth was
standardized as IEEE 802.15.1, but the standard is no longer maintained. The SIG oversees the development of the
specification, manages the qualification program, and protects the trademarks. To be marketed as a Bluetooth
device, it must be qualified to standards defined by the SIG. A network of patents is required to implement the
technology, which is licensed only for that qualifying device [8].
I. INTRODUCTION
Bluetooth (BT) wireless technology provides an easy way for a wide range of devices to communicate with each other and
connect to the Internet without the need for wires, cables and connectors. It is supported and used in products by over 3000
companies, including large corporations such as Sony Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola, Intel, IBM, Toshiba, Motorola, Apple,
Microsoft, and even Toyota, Lexus and BMW. A variety of products available on the market have short range Bluetooth
radios installed, including printers, laptops, keyboards, cars and the most popular type of Bluetooth enabled devices -
mobile phones, driving 60% of the Bluetooth market. The technology has already gained enormous popularity, with more
than 3 million Bluetooth-enabled products shipping every week. According to IDC, there will be over 922 million
Bluetooth enabled devices worldwide by 2008. The technology seams to be very interesting and beneficial, yet it can also
be a high threat for the privacy and security of Bluetooth users[2].
The idea behind Bluetooth technology was born in 1994, when a team of researchers at Ericsson Mobile Communications,
led by Dr. JaapHaartsen and Dr. Sven Mattisson, initiated a feasibility study of universal short-range, low-power wireless
connectivity as a way of eliminating cables between mobile phones and computers, headsets and other devices. It was later
developed into the Bluetooth technology we know today by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), an industry
association which was announced in May 1998 and formally founded in September 1998. The founding members were
Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba, and later in December 1999, 3Com Corporation, Lucent Technologies, Microsoft
Corporation and Motorola Inc. joined the Bluetooth SIG.
After years of development the final Bluetooth technology uses the free and globally available 2.4GHz Industrial-
Scientific-Medical (ISM) radio band, unlicensed for low-power use, and allows two Bluetooth devices within 10-100 m
range to share data with throughput up to 723.2 Kbps, or 2.1Mbps with the new Enhanced Data Rate specification already
released in 2005. Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices per piconet.
Bluetooth technology is also intended to be secure by providing authentication, encryption, quality of service (QoS) control
and other security features. However, it will be shown that Bluetooth is vulnerable in a number of ways, opening the door
for many malicious attacks now and in the future.
Bluetooth protocol stack [9]
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