代码大全第二版（软件构建）笔记_《代码大全2》软件质量概述资源-CSDN文库

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代码大全

高质量代码

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代码大全（软件构建）笔记

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目    录
 打好基础 
1.1   欢迎进入软件构建的世界 - Welcome to Software Construction.............................1
1.2   用隐喻来更充分地理解软件开发  - Metaphors for a Richer Understandi n g  of
Software Development........................................................................................................1
1 . 3      三 思 而 后 行 ： 前 期 准 备   -   M e a s u r e   T w i c e ,   C u t   o n c e :   U p s t r e a m
Prerequisites........................................................................................................................1
1. 3 .1    辩明你所从事的软件的 类型（ D e te r min e t he  Kin d  of  S o ftw a re  You ’ re
Working On）.............................................................................................................2
1.3.2   一条很有用的经验规则（A Useful Practical Rule）....................................2
1.3.3   在序列式开发法和迭代式开发法之间做出选择（ Choosing Between
Sequential and Iterative Approaches）.......................................................................2
1.3.4   问题定义的先决条件（Problem-Definition Prerequisite）...........................2
1.3.5   需求的先决条件（Requirements Prerequisite）............................................3
1.3.6   架构的先决条件（Architecture Prerequisite）..............................................4
1.3.7   要点（Key Points）........................................................................................8
1.4   关键的“构建”决策 - Key Construction Decisions......................................................8
1 . 4 . 1      核 对 表 ： 主 要 的 构 建 实 践   –   C h e c k l i s t :   M a j o r   C o n s t r u c t i o n
Practices......................................................................................................................8
1.4.2   要点（Key Points）........................................................................................9
 创建高质量的代码 
2.1   软件构件中的设计 - Design in Construction..........................................................10
2.1.1   设计中的挑战................................................................................................10
2.1.2   关键的设计概念 – Key Design Concepts....................................................10
2.1.3   设计构造块：启发式方法 – Design Building Blocks: Heuristics...............12
2.1.4   设计实践 – Design Practices........................................................................14
2.1.5   要点 － Key Points........................................................................................15
2.2   可以工作的类 – Working Classes...........................................................................16
2 . 2 . 1      类 的 基 础 ： 抽 象 数 据 类 型 ( A D T s )   –   C l a s s   F o u n d a t i o n s :   A b s t r a c t
DataTypes.................................................................................................................16
2.2.2   良好的类接口 – Good Class Interfaces........................................................16
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2.3   有关设计和实现的问题 – Design and Implementation Issues....................16
2.4   创建类的原因 – Reasons to Create a Class..................................................18
2.5   与具体编程语言相关的问题 – Language-Specific Issues...........................18
2.6   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................18
3   高质量的子程序 – High-Quality Routines..............................................................19
3.1   好的子程序名字 – Good Routine Names.....................................................19
3.2   如何使用子程序参数 – How to Use Routine Parameters............................19
3.3   使用函数时要特别考虑的问题 – S p e c i a l  C o n s i d e r a t i ons in the Use of
Functions...................................................................................................................19
3.4   宏子程序和内联子程序 – Macro Routines and Inline Routines..................20
3.5   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................20
4   防御式编程 – Defensive Programming...................................................................20
4.1   保护程序免遭非法输入数据的破坏 – Protecting Your Program from Invalid
Inputs........................................................................................................................20
4.2   断言 – Assertions..........................................................................................20
4.3   错误处理技术 – Error-Handling Techniques................................................21
4.4   异常 – Exceptions.........................................................................................21
4.5   隔离程序，使之包容由错误造成的损害 – Barricade Your Program to
Contain the Damage Caused by Errors.....................................................................22
4.6   辅助调试的代码 – Debugging Aids.............................................................22
4.7   确定在产品代码中该保留多少防御式代码 –  Determining How Much
Defensive Programming to Leave in Production Code.............................................23
4.8   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................23
5   伪代码编程过程 – The Pseudocode Programming Process....................................24
5. 1      核对表：伪 代码 编程过程  –  C he c k l is t:   T he  P s e ud oc o d e   P ro gr a m mi ng
Process......................................................................................................................24
5.2   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................24
 变量 
1   使用变量的一般事项 – General Issues in Using Variables.....................................25
. 1 . 1      核 对 表 ： 使 用 变 量 的 一 般 事 项   –   C h e c k l i s t :   G e n e r a l   I s s u e s   i n   U s i n g
Variables....................................................................................................................25
2   变量名的力量 – The Power of Variable Names......................................................26
2.1   核对表：变量命名 – Checklist: Naming Variables......................................26
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2.2   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................27
3   基本数据类型 – Fundamental Data Types..............................................................27
3.1   核对表：变量命名 – Checklist: Naming Variables......................................27
3.2   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................28
4   不常见的数据类型 – Unusual Data Types..............................................................28
4.1   指针 – Pointers..............................................................................................28
4.2   全局数据 – Global Data................................................................................29
4.3   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................30
 语句  !
1   组织直线型代码 – Organizing Straight-Line Code.................................................31
. 1 . 1      必 须 有 明 确 顺 序 的 语 句   –   S t a t e m e n t s   T h a t   M u s t   B e   i n   a   S p e c i f i c
Order.........................................................................................................................31
1.2   顺序无关的语句 – Statements Whose Order Doesn’t Matter......................31
1.3   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................31
2   使用条件语句 – Using Conditionals.......................................................................31
2.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................31
3   控制循环 – Controlling Loops.................................................................................32
3.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................32
4   不常见的控制结构 – Unusual Control Structures...................................................32
4.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................32
5   表驱动法 – Table-Driven Methods..........................................................................32
5.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................32
6   一般控制问题 – General Control Issues..................................................................32
6.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................32
 代码改善 "!#$!
1   软件质量概述 – The Software-Quality Landscape.................................................33
1.1   软件质量的特性 – Characteristics of Software Quality...............................33
1.2   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................33
2   协同构建 – Collaborative Construction...................................................................33
. 2 . 1      协 同 开 发 实 践 概 要   –   O v e r v i e w   o f   C o l l a b o r a t i v e   D e v e l o p m e n t
Practices....................................................................................................................33
2.2   结对编程 – Pair Programming......................................................................34
2.3   正式检查 – Formal Inspections....................................................................34
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2.4   其他类型的协同开发实践............................................................................35
2.5   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................36
3   开发者测试 – Developer Testing.............................................................................36
3.1   开发者测试的推荐方法................................................................................37
3.2   测试技巧锦囊 – Bag of Testing Tricks.........................................................37
3.3   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................38
4   调试 – Debugging....................................................................................................38
4.1   从缺陷中收获 – Defects as Opportunities....................................................38
4.2   寻找缺陷 – Finding a Defect........................................................................39
. 4 . 3      调 试 中 的 心 理 因 素   –   P s y c h o l o g i c a l   C o n s i d e r a t i o n s   i n
Debugging.................................................................................................................40
4.4   调试工具........................................................................................................40
4.5   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................40
5   重构 – Refactoring...................................................................................................41
5.1   重构简介 – Introduction to Refactoring........................................................41
5.2   特定的重构方法 – Specific Refactorings Approach....................................42
5.3   安全的重构 – Refactoring Safely.................................................................43
5.4   重构策略 – Refactoring Strategies................................................................44
5.5   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................44
6   代码调整策略 – Code-Tuning Strategies................................................................44
6.1   代码调整简介................................................................................................44
6.2   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................45
7   代码调整技术 – Code-Tuning Techniques..............................................................45
7.1   代码调整技术................................................................................................45
7.2   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................46
% 系统考虑  !&
1   程序规模对构建的影响 – How Program Size Affects Construction......................47
1.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................47
2   管理构建 – Managing Construction........................................................................47
2.1   鼓励良好的编码实践 – Encouraging Good Coding....................................47
2.2   配置管理 – Configuration Management.......................................................48
2.3   评估构建进度表 – Estimating a Construction Schedule..............................48
2.4   度量 – Measurement.....................................................................................49
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2.5   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................49
3   集成 – Integration....................................................................................................49
3.1   集成频率——阶段式集成还是增量集成 – Integration Frequency－Phased
or Incremental...........................................................................................................49
3.2   增量集成的策略 – Incremental Integration Strategies.................................49
3.3   Daily Build和冒烟测试 – Daily Build and Smoke Test................................50
3.4   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................50
4   编程工具 – Programming Tools..............................................................................50
4.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................50
& 软件工艺  '('!#
1   布局与风格 – Layout and Style...............................................................................51
1.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................51
2   自说明代码 – Self-Documenting Code...................................................................51
2.1   外部文档、编程风格作文档........................................................................51
2.2   高效注释 – Effective Comments..................................................................51
2.3   注释技术 – Commenting Techniques...........................................................51
2.4   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................53
3   个人性格 – Personal Character................................................................................53
3.1   有作用的性格因素........................................................................................53
3.2   不如你想象中那样起作用的性格因素 – Characteristics That Don’t Matter
As Much As You Might Think..................................................................................54
3.3   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................54
4   软件工艺的话题 – Themes in Software Craftsmanship..........................................54
4.1   要点 – Key Points.........................................................................................54
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