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Table of contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3
2 Automotive radar market trends ............................................................................... 5
3 Radar measurement .................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Range and radial velocity ......................................................................................... 7
3.2 Azimuth and elevation .............................................................................................. 8
3.3 Radar resolution and why signal bandwidth is required .................................. 11
3.4 Radial velocity resolution and why high frequencies are favorable ................ 13
4 Test and measurement of automotive radar sensors .......................................... 14
4.1 ETSI tests ................................................................................................................. 15
4.1.1 Test site requirements .............................................................................................. 16
4.2 Transmitter tests ..................................................................................................... 17
4.2.1 Operating frequency range ...................................................................................... 17
4.2.2 Total power, peak EIRP and mean (average) EIRP ................................................... 18
4.2.3 Spectrum access duty cycle .................................................................................... 19
4.2.4 Dwell time and repetition time ................................................................................. 19
4.2.5 Frequency modulation range ................................................................................... 19
4.2.6 Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band and spurious domain ............................... 19
4.3 Receiver tests .......................................................................................................... 21
4.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions .................................................................................... 21
4.3.2 Receiver in-band, out-of-band and remote-band signal handling ........................... 21
4.4 Antenna tests ........................................................................................................... 22
4.4.1 Unwanted vertical plane transmitter emissions ....................................................... 22
4.5 Tests during research and development .............................................................. 23
4.5.1 Signal quality............................................................................................................ 23
4.5.2 Antenna pattern measurements .............................................................................. 26
4.6 Integration tests ...................................................................................................... 28
4.6.1 Reflectivity measurement ........................................................................................ 29
4.6.2 Transmission loss ..................................................................................................... 30
4.7 Production tests ...................................................................................................... 31
4.7.1 Near field and far field .............................................................................................. 32
5 Automotive radar trends .......................................................................................... 33
6 References ................................................................................................................... 34
7 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................35
This white paper explains the basics of automotive radar, MIMO radar signal processing, applications and
market trends. Test and measurement requirements for research and development, mandatory ETSI tests
and production verification of automotive radar sensors in the 24GHz, 77GHz and 79GHz domains are
described.
Note:
Please find the most up-to-date document on our homepage
www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/Automotive_radar_technology_wp_en_5216-2930-52_v0100.pdf
Automotive_radar_technology_wp_en_5216-2930-52_v0101.indd 2 24.10.2018 08:11:41
