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The MySQL™ software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Server is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as well as for embedding into mass-de-ployed software. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. MySQL is a trademark of Oracle Cor-poration and/or its affiliates, and shall not be used by Customer without Oracle's express written authorization. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. ### MySQL 5.1 参考手册概览 MySQL 是一款功能强大且高效的关系型数据库管理系统，被广泛应用于各类业务场景之中。此份文档——MySQL 5.1 参考手册，提供了 MySQL 5.1 版本及其相关组件 MySQL Cluster NDB 6.X/7.X 的详尽介绍。接下来，我们将深入探讨该参考手册中的关键知识点。 #### 一、MySQL 5.1 特性概述 MySQL 5.1 作为 MySQL 5 系列中的一个重要版本，引入了多项新特性与改进： 1. **存储过程**：增强了存储过程的功能，支持定义变量、条件、循环等结构，使得复杂的数据库逻辑能够更方便地实现。 2. **分区功能**：新增了表分区功能，可以将大型表按照一定的规则划分成多个小部分，从而提高查询效率和管理的便利性。 3. **触发器**：支持 AFTER 和 BEFORE 触发器，允许在特定数据库事件发生后自动执行相应的操作。 4. **视图**：改进了视图功能，支持更灵活的数据查询方式。 5. **性能优化**：通过对查询执行计划的优化以及内存管理的改进，显著提高了数据库的整体性能。 6. **安全性增强**：加强了用户权限管理和数据加密等功能，确保数据的安全性。 7. **兼容性提升**：提高了与其他数据库系统的兼容性，便于迁移和集成。 #### 二、MySQL Cluster NDB 6.X/7.X MySQL Cluster 是一种高度可扩展、高可用性的分布式数据库解决方案，主要用于处理大量并发事务处理和高写入负载的场景。MySQL Cluster NDB 6.X/7.X 版本具有以下特点： 1. **高可用性**：通过冗余节点实现故障自动转移，确保系统持续运行。 2. **高扩展性**：支持水平扩展，可以通过增加更多的节点来提升系统的吞吐量和处理能力。 3. **数据一致性**：提供了一致性强的事务处理机制，保证了数据的一致性和完整性。 4. **实时分析**：支持实时数据处理，能够快速响应用户的查询请求。 5. **简化管理**：提供了一个统一的管理界面，方便管理员进行监控和维护工作。 #### 三、MySQL 5.1 参考手册结构 - **开始使用**：提供了快速入门指南，帮助用户快速搭建并运行 MySQL 5.1。 - **平台支持**：详细列出了 MySQL 5.1 在不同操作系统（如 Linux/Unix、Mac OS X、Windows）上的安装配置指南。 - **管理员指南**：为数据库管理员提供了服务器选项和变量的参考信息，以及如何进行服务器管理的相关知识。 - **开发者指南**：介绍了 SQL 语法、存储过程、触发器等内容，帮助开发者更好地利用 MySQL 进行应用开发。 - **连接器**：提供了多种连接器的介绍，包括 Connector/J、Connector/ODBC 等，用于不同编程语言与 MySQL 的交互。 - **高可用性和可扩展性**：介绍了 MySQL 高可用性解决方案，如 MySQL Replication 和 MySQL Cluster 等。 - **教程和示例**：提供了丰富的示例代码和教程，帮助用户更快地上手。 #### 四、MySQL 5.1 许可协议根据文档中的版权信息，MySQL 5.1 及其相关文档是在许可协议下提供的，该协议包含对使用和披露的限制，并受到知识产权法律的保护。这意味着用户在使用过程中必须遵守相关的许可条款，不得未经授权复制、分发或修改软件及文档。 #### 五、结论 MySQL 5.1 参考手册是学习和使用 MySQL 5.1 及其集群技术不可或缺的重要资源。它不仅详细介绍了 MySQL 5.1 的各项新特性和改进之处，还涵盖了 MySQL Cluster NDB 6.X/7.X 的关键知识点，对于数据库管理员和开发者来说都是一份宝贵的参考资料。通过深入了解这些内容，可以帮助用户更好地掌握 MySQL 的使用方法和技术细节，从而提高工作效率和系统的可靠性。

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MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual

Including MySQL Cluster NDB 6.X/7.X Refer-

ence Guide

MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual: Including MySQL Cluster NDB 6.X/7.X

Reference Guide

Abstract

This is the MySQL™ Reference Manual. It documents MySQL 5.1 through 5.1.60, as well as MySQL Cluster re-

leases based on versions 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.0, and 7.1 of NDBCLUSTER through 5.1.15-ndb-6.1.23, 5.1.51-ndb-6.2.19,

5.1.56-ndb-6.3.47, 5.1.56-ndb-7.0.28, and 5.1.56-ndb-7.1.17.

MySQL 5.1 features. This manual describes features that are not included in every edition of MySQL 5.1; such fea-

tures may not be included in the edition of MySQL 5.1 licensed to you. If you have any questions about the features

included in your edition of MySQL 5.1, refer to your MySQL 5.1 license agreement or contact your Oracle sales rep-

resentative.

Document generated on: 2011-10-22 (revision: 27785)

Getting Star-

ted

Platforms Administrat-

ors

Developers Functionality Connectors HA/Scalability

Tutorial » Linux/Unix Server Option/

Variable Refer-

ence

Server Option/

Variable Refer-

ence

SQL Syntax Connector/J » HA/

Scalability

Guide

Installation » Mac OS X MySQL

Change History

» MySQL Ver-

sion Reference

Views Connector/

ODBC

MySQL and

DRBD

Upgrading » Windows » MySQL Ver-

sion Reference

SQL Syntax Stored

Routines

Connector/Net MySQL and

Virtualization

Server Admin-

istration

» Solaris » Security Optimization Replication Connector/C++ Memcached

FAQs » Building

from Source

» Startup/

Shutdown

Connectors &

APIs

Spatial Exten-

sions

Connector/

OOo

MySQL Proxy

MySQL Enter-

prise Monitor

Functions and

Operators

Precision Math PHP Replication

» Backup and

Recovery

Stored Pro-

grams and

View

Globalization C API

Partitioning Partitioning

Information

Schema

This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by

intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate,

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disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them

to us in writing.

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U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government cus-

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cense terms set forth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional

rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood

City, CA 94065.

This software is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inher-

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Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. MySQL is a trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates, and

shall not be used without Oracle's express written authorization. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

This software and documentation may provide access to or information on content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation

and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services.

Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party con-

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This document in any form, software or printed matter, contains proprietary information that is the exclusive property of Oracle. Your access to and

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variety of formats, including HTML and PDF formats, see the MySQL Documentation Library.

Table of Contents

Preface and Notes .........................................................................................................................xxix

1. General Information .......................................................................................................................1

1.1. About This Manual ..............................................................................................................1

1.2. Typographical and Syntax Conventions ......................................................................................2

1.3. Overview of the MySQL Database Management System ..................................................................3

1.3.1. What is MySQL? ......................................................................................................3

1.3.2. History of MySQL ....................................................................................................4

1.3.3. The Main Features of MySQL .......................................................................................4

1.4. MySQL Development History .................................................................................................7

1.5. What Is New in MySQL 5.1 ....................................................................................................7

1.6. MySQL Information Sources ..................................................................................................9

1.6.1. MySQL Mailing Lists .................................................................................................9

1.6.2. MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums .......................................................... 11

1.6.3. MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC) .................................................. 11

1.6.4. MySQL Enterprise .................................................................................................. 11

1.7. How to Report Bugs or Problems ........................................................................................... 12

1.8. MySQL Standards Compliance .............................................................................................. 15

1.8.1. What Standards MySQL Follows ................................................................................. 15

1.8.2. Selecting SQL Modes ............................................................................................... 15

1.8.3. Running MySQL in ANSI Mode .................................................................................. 15

1.8.4. MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL ............................................................................. 16

1.8.5. MySQL Differences from Standard SQL ........................................................................ 18

1.8.6. How MySQL Deals with Constraints ............................................................................. 22

1.9. Credits ........................................................................................................................... 24

1.9.1. Contributors to MySQL ............................................................................................ 24

1.9.2. Documenters and translators ....................................................................................... 28

1.9.3. Packages that support MySQL ..................................................................................... 29

1.9.4. Tools that were used to create MySQL ........................................................................... 30

1.9.5. Supporters of MySQL .............................................................................................. 30

2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL ..................................................................................................... 31

2.1. General Installation Guidance ................................................................................................ 32

2.1.1. Operating Systems Supported by MySQL Community Server ............................................... 32

2.1.2. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install ................................................................ 33

2.1.3. How to Get MySQL ................................................................................................. 36

2.1.4. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG ............................................. 36

2.1.5. Installation Layouts ................................................................................................. 38

2.1.6. Compiler-Specific Build Characteristics ......................................................................... 39

2.2. Installing MySQL from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux ................................................................ 39

2.3. Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows ................................................................................. 41

2.3.1. MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows ........................................................... 42

2.3.2. Choosing the Installation Package for Microsoft Windows ................................................... 43

2.3.3. Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using an MSI Package .......................................... 46

2.3.4. Using the MySQL Server Instance Config Wizard ............................................................. 51

2.3.5. Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstall Zip Archive ............................ 65

2.3.6. Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation ......................................... 71

2.3.7. Upgrading MySQL Server on Microsoft Windows ............................................................. 73

2.3.8. MySQL Server on Microsoft Windows Postinstallation Procedures ......................................... 73

2.4. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X ............................................................................................ 75

2.4.1. General Notes on Installing MySQL on Mac OS X ............................................................ 75

2.4.2. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X Using Native Packages ..................................................... 76

2.4.3. Installing the MySQL Startup Item ............................................................................... 78

2.4.4. Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane .............................................................. 81

2.4.5. Using the Bundled MySQL on Mac OS X Server .............................................................. 82

2.5. Installing MySQL on Linux .................................................................................................. 83

2.5.1. Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux .............................................................. 84

2.5.2. Installing MySQL on Linux using Native Package Manager .................................................. 87

2.6. Installing MySQL on Solaris and OpenSolaris ............................................................................ 90

2.6.1. Installing MySQL on Solaris using a Solaris PKG .............................................................. 91

2.6.2. Installing MySQL on OpenSolaris using IPS .................................................................... 91

2.7. Installing MySQL on IBM AIX ............................................................................................. 92

2.7.1. General Notes on Installing MySQL on AIX .................................................................... 92

2.8. Installing MySQL on HP-UX ................................................................................................ 92

2.8.1. General Notes on Installing MySQL on HP-UX ................................................................ 93

2.8.2. Installing MySQL on HP-UX using DEPOT .................................................................... 93

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