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英文资料及中文翻译

The Design of a Rapid Prototype Platform for ARM Based

Embedded System

Hardware prototype is a vital step in the embedded system design. In this

paper, we discuss our design of a fast prototyping platform for ARM based

embedded systems, providing a low-cost solution to meet the request of

flexibility and testability in embedded system prototype development. It also

encourages concurrent development of different parts of system hardware as

well as module reusing.

Though the fast prototyping platform is designed for ARM based embedded

system, our idea is general and can be applied to embedded system of other

types.

I.INTRODUCTION

Embedded systems are found everywhere, including in cellular telephones,

pagers, VCRs, camcorders, thermostats, curbside rental-car check-in devices,

automated supermarket stockers, computerized inventory control devices,

digital thermometers, telephone answering machines, printers, portable video

games, TV set-top boxes -- the list goes on. Demand for embedded system is

large, and is growing rapidly.

In order to deliver correct-the-first-time products with complex system

requirements and time-to-market pressure, design verification is vital in the

embedded system design process. A possible choice for verification is to

simulate the system being designed. If a high-level model for the system is

used, simulation is fast but may not be accurate enough, with a low-level model

too much time may be required to achieve the desired level of confidence in

the quality of the evaluation. Since debugging of real systems has to take

into account the behavior of the target system as well as its environment,

runtime information is extremely important. Therefore, static analysis with

simulation methods is too slow and not sufficient. And simulation cannot

reveal deep issues in real physical system.

2

A hardware prototype is a faithful representation of the final design,

guarantying its real-time behavior. And it is also the basic tool to find deep

bugs in the hardware. For these reasons, it has become a crucial step in the

whole design flow. Traditionally, a prototype is designed similarly to the

target system with all the connections fixed on the PCB (printed circuit

boards).

As embedded systems are getting more complex, the needs for thorough

testing become increasingly important. Advances in surface-mount packaging

and multiple-layer PCB fabrication have resulted in smaller boards and more

compact layout, making traditional test methods, e.g., external test probes

and "bed-of-nails" test fixtures, harder to implement. As a result, acquiring

signals on boards, which is beneficial to hardware testing and software

development, becomes infeasible, and tracking bugs in prototype becomes

increasingly difficult. Thus the prototype design has to take account of

testability. However, simply adding some test points is not enough. If errors

on the prototype are detected, such as misconnections of signals, it could

be impossible to correct them on the multiple-layer PCB board with all the

components mounted. All these would lead to another round of prototype

fabrication, making development time extend and cost increase.

Besides testability, it is important to maintain high flexibility during

development of the prototype as design specification changes are common.

Nowadays complex systems are often not built from scratch but are assembled

by reusing previously designed modules or off-the-shelf components such as

processors, memories or peripheral circuitry in order to cope with more

aggressive time-to-market constraints. Following the top-down design

methodology, lots of effort in the design process is spent on decomposing the

customers, requirements into proper functional modules and interfacing them

to compose the target system.

Some previous research works have suggested that FPLDs (field

programmable logic device) could be added to the final design to provide

flexibility as FPLDs can offer programmable interconnections among their pins

and many more advantages. However, extra devices may increase production cost

and power dissipation, weakening the market competition power of the target

system. To address these problems, there are also suggestions that FPLDs could

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