Spring+SpringMVC+Mybatis整合(XML方式)
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Spring、SpringMVC和Mybatis是Java开发中常用的三大框架,它们各自负责应用程序的不同层面:Spring作为基础容器,管理对象的依赖注入;SpringMVC处理Web请求,提供模型-视图-控制器架构;Mybatis则作为持久层框架,简化数据库操作。本整合教程将详细介绍如何以XML配置方式将这三个框架集成到一个项目中。 1. **Spring框架**: - **依赖注入(Dependency Injection, DI)**:Spring的核心特性,通过XML配置或注解来管理对象及其依赖关系,使得代码松耦合,易于测试和维护。 - **ApplicationContext**:Spring的应用上下文,它是Bean工厂的扩展,可以加载配置文件,管理Bean的生命周期。 2. **SpringMVC框架**: - **DispatcherServlet**:SpringMVC的前端控制器,负责接收HTTP请求,调度处理器。 - **Model-View-Controller**:MVC模式,模型负责业务逻辑,视图负责展示结果,控制器负责协调模型和视图。 - **Controller**:处理请求,通常由@Controller注解标识。 - **ModelAndView**:用于在控制器中构建模型数据并指定视图。 - **视图解析器(View Resolver)**:根据返回的逻辑视图名解析出实际视图。 3. **Mybatis框架**: - **SqlSessionFactory**:Mybatis的会话工厂,用于创建SqlSession对象。 - **SqlSession**:执行SQL语句,与数据库进行交互。 - **Mapper接口/Mapper XML**:定义SQL语句和映射规则,实现数据库操作的抽象。 - **Mybatis动态SQL**:通过XML中的if、choose、when、otherwise等标签,实现灵活的动态SQL生成。 4. **整合步骤**: - **引入依赖**:在pom.xml中添加Spring、SpringMVC、Mybatis以及相应的数据库驱动依赖。 - **配置Spring**:创建spring-context.xml,配置Bean定义,包括DataSource、SqlSessionFactoryBean、MapperScannerConfigurer等。 - **配置SpringMVC**:创建spring-mvc.xml,配置DispatcherServlet、视图解析器、拦截器等。 - **配置Mybatis**:创建mybatis-config.xml,配置Mybatis全局属性,如typeAliases、mappers等。 - **编写Mapper**:创建Mapper接口和对应的XML文件,定义SQL语句和结果映射。 - **配置Mapper扫描**:在Spring配置中启用对Mapper接口的扫描。 - **创建实体类**:与数据库表对应的Java对象。 - **编写Service**:业务逻辑层,使用Spring的@Autowired注入Mapper。 - **创建Controller**:处理HTTP请求,调用Service并返回ModelAndView。 5. **注释**:在XML配置文件中添加详细的注释,有助于理解配置内容和作用,方便初学者学习。 通过以上步骤,你可以构建起一个基本的SSM(Spring+SpringMVC+Mybatis)项目,实现数据的CRUD操作。这个压缩包提供的ssm--demo项目应该包含了这些配置文件和示例代码,可以作为学习和实践的起点。在实际开发中,通常还会结合其他技术,如Spring Boot、Spring Cloud等,以提高开发效率和项目的可维护性。
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