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### 40-100Gbits 技术与组件概览随着互联网技术的不断发展，数据传输速率的需求也在不断增长。《Light Reading-40-100Gbits Technology & Components》一文深入探讨了40Gbps及100Gbps网络技术及其组件的应用和发展趋势。本文将对该文的主要内容进行详细的分析与总结。 #### 市场趋势（Market Trends）当前市场正面临巨大的宽带用户数量的增长和10Gbps以太网使用的增加，这迫使运营商和企业网络管理者寻找更高带宽的解决方案。根据一项在线调查的结果显示，超过60%的受访者认为城域网是40/100Gbps技术的首要应用场景，其次是区域/长途应用。约有10%的受访者已经实施了此类接口，而大约80%的受访者计划在未来一到两年内实施。 Simon Stanley，Earlswood Marketing公司的首席顾问指出：“我们正在看到40Gbps接口和组件现在的需求非常迫切，并且100Gbps被规划为40Gbps解决方案的自然延伸，而非独立的技术。” #### 技术选项（Technology Options）对于短距离应用（如数据中心和高性能计算），4×10Gbps以太网、40Gbps以太网或InfiniBand已经成为现实的选择。IEEE 802.3ba标准正积极推动40/100Gbps以太网的发展。在设备内部，40GBase-KR4很可能会主导基于以太网的解决方案。而对于城域网和长途系统，40Gbps接口已经开始发货，并且这些300针模块正在某些系统中取代线路卡。 #### 10Gbps以太网的经验教训（10-Gigabit Ethernet Lessons）通过10Gbps以太网的发展历程，可以吸取许多宝贵的经验。这些经验包括但不限于： 1. **技术成熟度**：确保新技术的稳定性和成熟度至关重要。 2. **标准化进程**：标准化是推动技术普及的关键因素之一。 3. **市场需求**：深入了解市场需求有助于技术的准确定位和发展方向。 4. **生态系统建设**：建立一个健康稳定的产业链对于新技术的成功至关重要。 #### IEEE 802.3ba标准 IEEE 802.3ba标准是关于高速以太网的标准之一，它定义了40Gbps和100Gbps以太网的具体规范和技术要求。这一标准的制定对40/100Gbps技术的推广具有重要意义。 #### 40Gbps设备内部（40-Gbit/s Within the Box）对于设备内部而言，40Gbps技术的应用主要集中在提高内部数据交换的速度和效率上。40GBase-KR4接口是一种常见的选择，它能够在短距离内实现高速数据传输。 #### 长途历史（Long-Haul History）长途传输的历史充满了挑战与创新。从最初的光通信技术到现在的40/100Gbps，每一次技术的进步都伴随着新的解决方案的诞生。例如，300针模块在长途传输中的应用就是一个显著的例子。 #### 40Gbps调制问题（40-Gbit/s Modulation Issue）在40Gbps调制技术方面，存在着一系列需要解决的问题。这些问题包括但不限于信号失真、误码率增加等。为了克服这些挑战，研究人员正在探索各种先进的调制技术和编码方案，以确保数据的高效可靠传输。《Light Reading-40-100Gbits Technology & Components》全面地探讨了40/100Gbps技术及其组件的现状与未来趋势。通过对市场需求、技术发展趋势以及面临的挑战等方面的分析，该文为读者提供了一个深入了解40/100Gbps技术生态系统的窗口。随着技术的不断进步和市场的持续发展，40/100Gbps技术将在未来的网络基础设施中扮演更加重要的角色。

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DECEMBER 22, 2008 | Tim Hills | Comments (15)

40- & 100-Gbit/s Technology & Components

Introduction

40- and 100-Gbit/s networking represents a major opportunity for both system and component

vendors. The rapidly growing number of broadband subscribers and the increased use of 10-Gigabit

Ethernet are forcing carriers and enterprise network managers to look for higher bandwidth

solutions -- and components are a key part of the 40/100-Gbit/s ecosystem.

Certainly, there is a lot of current interest in putting in 40/100 Gbit/s into the metro -- over 60

percent of the respondents to an online poll held during the

Light Reading

Webinar on which this

report is based saw the metro as the immediate application need for these speeds, followed by

regional/long-haul applications. And about 10 percent of respondents had already implemented

such interfaces, while about 80 percent plan to do so within the next one to two years.

“We are seeing that 40-Gbit/s interfaces and components are needed now, and 100 Gbit/s is being

planned really as a logical extension to those 40-Gbit/s solutions, rather than as something

separate,” says Simon Stanley, principal consultant at Earlswood Marketing. “For the short reach –

the data center and high-performance-computing applications -- there’s 4x10-Gigabit Ethernet,

40-Gbit/s Ethernet, or InfiniBand now; and IEEE 802.3ba is moving ahead with the combined 40-

and 100-Gbit/s Ethernet. Within the box the 40G Base-KR4 is probably going to dominate, certainly

for Ethernet-based solutions. For long-haul and metro systems, we see 40-Gbit/s interfaces shipping

now, and those 300-pin modules are starting to replace the linecards in some systems.”

So this report reviews the technology and component aspects of the industry’s move towards 40-

and 100-Gbit/s networking, and outlines some of the remaining challenges.

Here’s a hyperlinked contents list:

Page 2: Market Trends

Page 3: Technology Options

Page 4: 10-Gigabit Ethernet Lessons

Page 5: IEEE 802.3ba

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norm, and the number of 10-Gigabit Ethernet-connected servers is growing. The latter effect is

accelerating following the introduction of the first 10G-based T-interface cards during 2008/9.

Unsurprisingly, bottlenecks are developing in both aggregation nodes and long-haul networks, and

service providers are now starting to make strategic investments in higher capacity – for example,

AT&T Inc. (NYSE: T) and Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE: VZ) are already heavily investing in

40-Gbit/s links. And enterprises also need to invest in new capacity to handle the growing number

of 10-Gbit/s-connected servers and service solutions, as noted in this LRTV report on silicon

photonics:

And it is not only the external links where bandwidth increases are needed. As Doug Sandy, senior

staff technologist and systems architect for embedded computing at Emerson Network Power,

points out, as the overall network bandwidth grows, the in-shelf network-element bandwidth also

has to grow to keep up.

“It lags a little bit behind, but, as these network bandwidths go up, we have seen an increase from

1-Gbit/s bandwidth per blade to multiple-gigabit bandwidths per blade, and moving on up to 10

Gbit/s,” he says. “Eventually we do see 40-Gbit/s in-shelf network bandwidths.”

According to Earlswood’s Stanley, the main applications for 40- and then 100-Gbit/s networks are in

the long-haul and metro layers, and also in high-performance computing.

“For the long haul and metro, these high-speed links are required for connecting core routers

together,” he says. “These links are currently mainly 10 Gbit/s, with some 40-Gbit/s build-out, and

we are expecting 100 Gbit/s will be required within the next two to three years.”

Within the data-center and high-performance-computing sectors, these high-speed networks are

required for the aggregation of 1- and 10-Gbit/s Ethernet links. 40 Gbit/s is needed now, and,

again, Stanley sees 100 Gbit/s being needed within two to three years.

Next Page: Technology Options

Technology Options

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