I
摘 要
学生成绩管理作为现代学校教学管理的重要组成部分已经越来越多的在教
育管理中起到重要的作用，己经成为现代教育的必然要求。学生教学要得以顺利、
高效的实施，必然离不开高效的管理与支撑平台环境。构建基于 Java 技术的学
生成绩管理系统是进行教学的迫切需要.本文首先介绍了学生成绩管理系统的发
展状况，面向对象的系统开发平台以及对 Web 应用系统的支持，对象建模语言
UML 的基本知识。然后主要介绍了以 UML 为建模语言，开发基于 JSP/Servlet 的
学生成绩管理系统的过程使用用例图，顺序图和活动图来寻找用户需求，明确用
例中对象之间的关系，从而建立系统的用例模型；分析类，确定了系统中的对象
抽象成类：这样完成了系统分析。在系统设计过程中，首先设计系统构架，划分
功能模块，并给出功能设计。在功能设计中，构建设计类，运用设计类顺序图，
类图来实现了系统的设计模型。数据库设计给出数据库模型和数据库中各个表的
字段结构。最后一章对系统关键实现做了探讨，分别实现了用户身份鉴别，会话
跟踪，数据库连接池和数据优化并对系统安全作出说明。本文对如何运用面向对
象的方法来快速高效的开发一个复用性良好的安全的网络应用程序提供了一个
良好的思路。
关键词：成绩管理, Java,UML
II
Abstract
Student achievement management as an important part of modern school management
has been more and more in education management plays an important role, has
become the inevitable request of modern education. Teaching students to be
implemented smoothly, efficiently, certainly cannot do without an efficient
management platform. Construction of student achievement management system
based on Java technology is the urgent need for teaching. This paper introduces the
development of student achievement management system, object-oriented
development platform and support for Web application system, the basic knowledge
of object-oriented modeling language UML. Then mainly introduced UML as
modeling language, the development process of student achievement management
system JSP\/Servlet based on the use case diagram, sequence diagram and activity
diagram to find user requirement, define the relationship between case object, use
case model so as to establish the system; analysis, determine the abstract system
objects into classes: complete the system analysis. In the process of system design, the
system architecture design, function module partition, and gives the function design.
In the functional design, construction design, application design sequence diagram,
class diagram to realize the system design model. The field structure of each database
table design gives the database model and database. The last chapter has a discussion
on system key, respectively, to achieve the user authentication, session tracking,
database connection pool and data optimization and system security. Provide a good
idea of how to use the object-oriented method to fast and efficient development of a
reusable and secure network application.
Key words：achievement management, java, UML
III
目录
摘 要 ..................................................................................................................................................I
Abstract .............................................................................................................................................II
1 引言............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 背景....................................................................................................................................1
1.2 国内外研究现状............................................................................................................1
1.3 学生成绩管理系统的技术..............................................................................................2
1.2 本系统的特点和意义......................................................................................................3
2 系统核心技术特点......................................................................................................................4
2.1 web 系统应用研究...........................................................................................................4
2.1.1 N 层体系结构......................................................................................................4
2.1.2 基于组件开发......................................................................................................4
2.2 JSP/Servlet 对 web 应用系统的支持...........................................................................5
3 系统分析......................................................................................................................................6
3.1 用例分析..........................................................................................................................6
3.2 用例建模..........................................................................................................................7
3.2.1 标识参与者..........................................................................................................7
3.2.2 用例图..................................................................................................................7
3.3.1 边界类..................................................................................................................8
3.3.2 实体类..................................................................................................................9
3.3.3 控制类..................................................................................................................9
4 系统设计....................................................................................................................................10
4.1 体系结构设计................................................................................................................10
4.2 系统功能设计................................................................................................................11
4.2.1 功能模块划分....................................................................................................11
4.3 数据库设计....................................................................................................................12
4.3.1 数据库设计原则................................................................................................12
4.3.2 系统数据库设计................................................................................................13
4.3.3 ER 图...................................................................................................................15
5 详细设计....................................................................................................................................16
5.1 登入界面........................................................................................................................16
5.2 用户管理界面................................................................................................................16
5.3 院系管理界面................................................................................................................16
5.4 专业管理界面................................................................................................................17
5.5 班级管理界面................................................................................................................17
5.6 管理员管理界面............................................................................................................17
5.7 教师管理界面................................................................................................................18
5.8 学生管理界面................................................................................................................18
5.9 课程管理界面................................................................................................................18
5.10 教室管理界面..............................................................................................................19
5.11 系统日志界面..............................................................................................................19
5.12 课程表界面..................................................................................................................20
6 关键技术及实现........................................................................................................................21
IV
6.1 用户身份鉴别................................................................................................................21
6.2 对会话的跟踪和处理....................................................................................................22
6.3 数据访问优化实现........................................................................................................23
6.4 系统安全实现................................................................................................................24
6.4.1 网络层安全........................................................................................................24
6.4.2 数据层安全........................................................................................................25
7 结束语........................................................................................................................................26
8 致谢............................................................................................................................................27
参考文献..........................................................................................................................................28
