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第 9 章打造聊天机器人
头脑?”因为我们只能观察他们的行为——而不是他们内心的活动,我们必须相信他们像
我们一样。Turing 提出,如果机器表现出它好像是智能的,那么其实我们也应该这样看。
简而言之,这是图灵测试。如果机器通过了这个测试,那就意味着我们要相信该机器是和
自己一样的同类人。
你可能想知道目前为止,是否有程序曾经成功地通过图灵测试。答案是,真的没有官
方图灵测试。最接近官方活动的事情是 Loebner 奖。这是一个每年举行的比赛,对评委觉
得最像人类的聊天机器人,颁发适度的奖励。如果这听起来过于严格和学术,它可以被描
述为任何事物。据说,Loebner 赞助比赛是因为他鄙视任何形式的劳动。
希望目前为止,你已经意识到任何关于“通过图灵测试”的声明更多的是假象,而不
是实际的科学。尽管如此,图灵的初始概念是非常有价值的。
9.2 聊天机器人的历史
我还记得那天父亲让我坐在他的 IBM XT 面前,看着它黑色和绿色闪烁的监视器,并
让我和“它”说话。对话大致是这样的:
>Hello? How are you feeling today?
>Hi. Who is this?
>Hi there… how are you today?
>I'm fine. You didn't tell me who you are.
>We should be discussing you, not me.
>We should? Why?
>Let's change focus a bit… Tell me about your family.
>You are impossible to have a conversation with.
>Can you elaborate on that?
>You are killing me.
>Perhaps you would like me to be killing you.
>Ok, you are freaking me out.
>Perhaps you're really talking about yourself?
>What?? That makes no sense.
>How would an answer to that help you?
>END
>Very Interesting.
>QUIT
>Thank you for talking with me.
>#$###$#@@...