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单片机_英文参考文献1.doc
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Structure and function of the MCS-51 series
Structure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip
computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer
series which Intel Company produces. This company
introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series
in 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip computers of MCS-48
series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of
one-chip computer the chips have,such as 8051, 8031, 8751,
80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic
performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051
daily representatives- 51 serial one-chip computers .
An one-chip computer system is made up of several
following parts: ( 1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2)
At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositting
not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle
of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc.
( 3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to
preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in
slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip
computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc.. ( 4) Four 8 run
side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use
as introduction , may use as exporting too. ( 5) Two timer
/ counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the
way, used to count to the external incident, can set up
into a timing way too, and can according to count or result
of timing realize the control of the computer. ( 6) Five
cut off cutting off the control system of the source . ( 7)
One all duplexing serial I/O mouth of UART (universal
asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize
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one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial
communication of computer to use for. ( 8) Stretch
oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely
tune electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation
frequency as 12 megahertas now at most. Every the
above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data
bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it
is the control of the computer and command centre, made up
of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc.. The
arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic
operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including
one, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing
device 2 temporarily, 8's accumulation device ACC, register
B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who
accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking
etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from person
who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on
to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC
with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the
transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside . The
same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register.
Help remembering that agreeing with A expresses in the
order. The controller includes the procedure counter , the
order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and
timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of
counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address
counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next
IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes
it can change the direction that the procedure carries out .
Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need
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outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the
electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of
1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working,
namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other
computers, the work in harmony under the control of the
basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat
play that is commanded.
There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and
RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two
to read, they have each independent memory address space,
dispose way to be the same with general memory of computer.
Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory
capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving
the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of
memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, use for middle
result to deposit operation, the data are stored
temporarily and the data are buffered etc.. In RAM of this
128B, there is unit of 32 byteses that can be appointed as
the job register, this and general microprocessor is
different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one
formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very
the same that the memory of MCS-51 series one-chip computer
and general computer disposes the way in addition. General
computer for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange
in different space within the range of this address at will,
namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing
different address space in a formation. While visiting the
memory, corresponding and only an address Memory unit, can
ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly.
This kind of memory structure is called the structure of
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Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory
space and data memory space on the physics structure, there
are four memory spaces in all: The procedure stores in one
and data memory space outside data memory and one in
procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure
forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory
separated form data memory, called Harvard structure. But
use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is
divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks
of FFFFH , 0000H of location , in unison outside the slice
(use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space
outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H
64KB FFFFH (with 16 addresses ) too to the location. (3)
Data memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three
above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for
distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different
data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU
visit slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order
uses MOVX outside the slice, RAM order uses MOV to visit in
slice.
8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast I/O port,
call P0, P1, P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate two-way
mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line
can be used as introduction and exported independently.
Each port includes a latch (namely special function
register ), one exports the driver and a introduction
buffer . Make data can latch when outputting, data can
buffer when making introduction , but four function of
passway these self-same. Expand among the system of memory
outside having slice, four port these may serve as accurate
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