【知识点详解】
在高中英语学习中,wh-ever 引导的从句是一个重要的语法点,尤其在高考中常被考查。Wh-ever 结构通常用于引导让步状语从句和名词性从句,表达强烈的语气并带有让步的含义。
1. Whatever(无论什么):这个词汇可以引导让步状语从句,表示“任何……的事物”,同时也可以引导名词性从句,意为“凡是……的东西”。例如:
- Whatever happens, we'll not change our plan. (无论发生什么,我们都不会改变计划。)
- They succeeded in whatever they undertook. (他们所做的任何事情都成功了。)
2. Whoever(无论谁):Whoever 作为主格形式,引导让步状语从句和名词性从句,表示“不论是谁”。例如:
- Whoever you may be, you have no right to do such a thing. (无论你是谁,你都没有权利做这样的事。)
- Whoever is more or less advanced can pass this exam. (无论进步多大,都能通过这次考试。)
3. Whichever(无论哪个):它引导从句时,意为“无论哪个……的人或事物”,同样可用于让步或名词性从句。例如:
- The quality will be the same whichever of them you choose. (无论你选择哪一个,质量都是一样的。)
4. Whenever(无论何时)、Wherever(无论何地)、However(无论如何):这些词可以引导具有强调语气的时间、地点和让步状语从句。例如:
- She comes to talk to me whenever she feels lonely. (她感到孤单时就会来找我聊天。)
- Wherever Jenny goes, she's mistaken for Princess Diana. (无论詹妮走到哪里,都会被误认为是戴安娜王妃。)
- However often he does it, he always makes a mistake. (无论他做多少次,总会犯错误。)
5. No matter + wh-结构:这种结构也常用于让步状语从句,如 no matter what, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter which 和 no matter how,分别表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论何地”、“无论哪个”和“无论如何”。例如:
- No matter what he is wearing, you must serve him. (不管他穿什么,你都得接待他。)
- No matter how much I have to pay, I'll take it. (不管要付多少钱,我都会买下它。)
6. 特别提醒:
- No matter who 或 when 等引导的省略句不能用相应的 whoever 或 whenever 替换,例如:You are welcome no matter where (you are).
- Whoever, whatever, wherever, whichever 还可以引导名词从句,但 no matter who (或 what, where, which) 不行。
掌握好 wh-ever 引导的各种从句,对理解并正确构造复杂句子至关重要,这将有助于提高学生的阅读理解能力和写作水平,尤其是在应对高考英语单项选择题时,这类知识的运用尤为关键。