这篇资料主要讲解的是初中英语语法中的五个基本时态——一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时和过去进行时,以及现在完成时的用法。
1. **一般现在时**:通常用于表达经常性或习惯性的动作、当前的特征、能力和状态,以及普遍真理和客观事实。例如,"Maria does exercise every day." 当主句是将来时或祈使句,且由when, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或if引导的条件状语从句中,从句通常使用一般现在时代替将来时,如"We won’t leave here until he comes back."
2. **现在进行时**:表示当前正在进行的动作或行为。如"Listen! Who is singing?" 使用现在进行时的动词如go, come, leave, fly等也可以表示将来计划好的动作,例如"She is flying to London tomorrow."
3. **一般过去时**:用于描述过去的动作或状态,如"We went to the cinema yesterday." "used to"结构表示过去常常做的事情,如"I used to take a walk in the morning."
4. **一般将来时**:表示即将发生的动作或状态,常见结构有"will / shall + 动词原形"和"be going to + 动词原形"。如"We will / shall have a test next week." "there be"结构的一般将来时形式为"There is /are going to be或There will be",不能用"have / has"替换"be",如"There is going to / will be a film this evening."
5. **过去进行时**:表示过去某一刻或阶段正在进行的动作,如"The phone rang while I was reading a book on the sofa." "while"引导的从句通常伴随延续性动词,与"when"从句形成对比,可以互换使用,如"The phone rang while / when Mr. Wang was sleeping on the sofa."
6. **现在完成时**:强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的情况,如"My brother has done his homework already." "have / has been to"表示曾经的经历,而"have / has gone to"表示人已不在说话地点,去了某地未归。例如"My father has been to Shanghai twice." 和"Mr Wang isn’t here. He has gone to Dalian."
在实际练习中,正确使用这些时态至关重要。例如:
1. 他一个月前回来了。(come) —— He came back a month ago.
2. 如果你明天有空,请来参加我们的会议。(be) —— Please come to our meeting if you are free tomorrow.
3. 她去过长城几次了。(go) —— She has been to the Great Wall several times.
4. 在他的信里,他说他非常想念我们。(miss) —— In his letter, he said that he missed us very much.
5. 当我到达电影院时,电影已经播放了近15分钟。(be) —— The film had been on for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema.
6. 如果我早点到那里,我就会见到他。(meet) —— If I had arrived there earlier, I would have met him.
7. 我们国家发生了巨大的变化。(be) —— Great changes have taken place in our country.
掌握这些时态的用法对于理解和表达英语中的各种时间关系至关重要,也是英语学习的基础部分。通过反复练习和应用,学生能够更准确地表达自己的思想和经历。