【知识点一】：英语语法与词汇
1. "By tradition, people in Western countries can play jokes on others on April 1st." 这句话涉及到的是文化传统（tradition），指的是西方国家在4月1日愚人节的传统，即可以互相开玩笑。
2. "News has come that Mr. Smith has been ill seriously." 这里使用了同位语从句（that引导），"that Mr. Smith has been ill seriously"是news的内容。
3. "—It is burning hot! Could I take a shower here? —Sure, go ahead." "Go ahead"在这里表示同意或允许，是一种日常英语表达。
4. "In our team, no person other than Tom could finish this tough task in such a short time." "Other than"表示"除了...之外"，强调只有Tom能完成任务。
5. "I was impressed with his huge feet measuring approximately 1 foot 8 inches." "Be impressed with"表示对某事物印象深刻，"measuring"在这里是现在分词作后置定语，修饰"feet"，表示脚的尺寸大约为1英尺8英寸。
【知识点二】：动词时态与被动语态
6. "Not impressed with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them." "Impressed"在这里是非谓语动词，表示过去的状态对现在的影响，相当于"I was not impressed"。
7. "The cloth measures easily if spread on a table." "Measures"这里是主动表被动，布料本身的特性是容易测量，如果展开在桌子上。"spread"同样是非谓语动词，与"cloth"构成被动关系。
8. "Surrounded by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Taiping Lake a famous tourist attraction." "Surrounded"是过去分词短语做状语，表示被群山环绕的状态。
9. "Remember, better health is measured in feet. Walk more, feel the difference!" "Is measured"使用了被动语态，表示健康是通过步数来衡量的。
10. "—We are afraid we can't finish the task within a month. —Take your time, but next month you'll have a new one." "Within"在这里指在...之内，表示时间范围。
【知识点三】：固定搭配与短语
11. "With the end of his career in sight, Armstrong was already looking forward to spending some days at the beach with his family." "In sight"表示即将发生或看得见，意味着他的职业生涯即将结束。
12. "we have asked him to confirm his acceptance in writing." "Confirm"在这里是确认的意思，常用于确认消息或决定。
13. "Seen from space, the Earth looks like a blue ball, with approximately 75% of its surface covered with water." "Seen from space"是过去分词短语做状语，"approximately"表示大约，用来修饰百分比。
14. "Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him." "Not until"结构通常引起部分倒装，"did he begin"中的助动词"did"提前，主句动词用原形。
以上就是从题目和描述中提取出的多个英语语法、词汇和表达方式的知识点，这些内容对于高考英语一轮复习是非常重要的。
